Characterization and quantification of odorous and non-odorous volatile organic compounds near a commercial dairy in California

Rabaud, Nicole E.; Ebeler, Susan E.; Ashbaugh, Lowell L.; Flocchini, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00970-6

Cited by 107 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[33][34][35] Although atmospheric concentrations of amines are typically parts per trillion (ppt), one or more orders of magnitude less than NH 3 , amine concentrations near animal husbandry operations can be up to several parts per billion (ppb). [36][37][38][39][40] Amongst over 150 amines that have been identified in the atmosphere, 33 trimethylamine (TMA, (CH 3 ) 3 N) is one of the most abundant. 33,40,41 Results from quantum chemical calculations show that amines are much more strongly bound to H 2 SO 4 than NH 3 , 25 and laboratory experiments have demonstrated higher efficiencies of amines in particle formation compared to NH 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

110

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New particle formation from gas-to-particle conversion represents a dominant source of atmospheric particles and affects radiative forcing, climate and human health. The species involved in new particle formation and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Although sulfuric acid is commonly recognized as driving new particle formation, increasing evidence suggests the involvement of other species. Here we study particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water at reaction times from 2.3 to 32 s where particles are 2-10 nm in diameter using a newly designed and tested flow system. The flow system has multiple inlets to facilitate changing the mixing sequence of gaseous precursors. The relative humidity and precursor concentrations, as well as the mixing sequence, are varied to explore their effects on particle formation and growth in order to provide insight into the important mechanistic steps. We show that water is involved in the formation of initial clusters, greatly enhancing their formation as well as growth into detectable size ranges. A kinetics box model is developed that quantitatively reproduces the experimental data under various conditions. Although the proposed scheme is not definitive, it suggests that incorporating such mechanisms into atmospheric models may be feasible in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Relative amounts of dimethylamine (DMA) and ammonia (NH 3 ) predicted in the particle phase, expressed as fractions of total base predicted in the particle phase, as a function of gas-phase DMA and NH 3 levels (gas-phase acetic acid=100 ppt). have been reported, on the order of tens to hundreds of ppb (Rabaud et al, 2003;Rampfl et al, 2008). The second system type (ST 2) was designed to investigate the contribution of organic salt formation to the reduction in volatility of organic acids and bases from nanometersized particles.…”

Section: Initial Particle Composition and System Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

2009

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Abstract. Field and lab measurements suggest that lowmolecular weight (MW) organic acids and bases exist in accumulation and nucleation mode particles, despite their relatively high pure-liquid vapor pressures. The mechanism(s) by which such compounds contribute to the mass growth of existing aerosol particles and newly formed particles has not been thoroughly explored. One mechanism by which low-MW compounds may contribute to new particle growth is through the formation of organic salts. In this paper we use thermodynamic modeling to explore the potential for organic salt formation by atmospherically relevant organic acids and bases for two system types: one in which the relative contribution of ammonia vs. amines in forming organic salts was evaluated, the other in which the decrease in volatility of organic acids and bases due to organic salt formation was assessed. The modeling approach employed relied heavily on group contribution and other estimation methods for necessary physical and chemical parameters. The results of this work suggest that amines may be an important contributor to organic salt formation, and that experimental data are greatly needed to improve our understanding of organic salt formation in atmospherically relevant systems and to accurately predict the potential contribution of such salts to new particle growth.

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“…These VOCs can contribute to the formation of ozone (Howard et al, 2010a, b;Gentner et al, 2014) and fine particles (Sintermann et al, 2014;Perraud et al, 2015), both affecting regional air quality. Many VOCs from CAFOs are also responsible for the unpleasant odor problems nearby or downwind of these facilities (McGinn et al, 2003;Rabaud et al, 2003;Parker et al, 2010;Woodbury et al, 2015). Some VOCs (e.g., phenolic species) (US EPA, 2017) from CAFOs are harmful to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H 3 O + ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO 3 ) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high timeresolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH 3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animalrelated emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feedrelated emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

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Characterization and quantification of odorous and non-odorous volatile organic compounds near a commercial dairy in California

Cited by 107 publications

References 10 publications

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

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