New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen, Haihan; Ezell, M. J.; Arquero, Kristine D.; Varner, Mychel E.; Dawson, Matthew L.; Gerber, R. Benny; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.

doi:10.1039/c5cp00838g

Cited by 93 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…During periods when the CS entering the OFR in ambient air was larger, it reduced the condensation of SOA onto new particles, consistent with the lower importance of this mode for an OFR study in the Los Angeles area . These results support the possibility of using flow reactors to study the potential for new particle formation and growth in different ambient air masses and sources (Ezell et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Condensation Vs Nucleation In the Ofrsupporting

confidence: 59%

In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor

et al. 2016

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Abstract. An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) is a vessel inside which the concentration of a chosen oxidant can be increased for the purpose of studying SOA formation and aging by that oxidant. During the BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio-hydroatmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H 2 O, Organics & Nitrogen-Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study) field campaign, ambient pine forest air was oxidized by OH radicals in an OFR to measure the amount of SOA that could be formed from the real mix of ambient SOA precursor gases, and how that amount changed with time as precursors changed. High OH concentrations and short residence times allowed for semicontinuous cycling through a large range of OH exposures ranging from hours to weeks of equivalent (eq.) atmospheric aging. A simple model is derived and used to account for the relative timescales of condensation of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) onto particles; condensational loss to the walls; and further reaction to produce volatile, non-condensing fragmentation products. More SOA production was observed in the OFR at nighttime (average 3 µg m −3 when LVOC fate corrected) compared to daytime (average 0.9 µg m −3 when LVOC fate corrected), with maximum formation observed at 0.4-1.5 eq. days of photochemical aging. SOA formation followed a similar diurnal pattern to monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and toluene+p-cymene concentrations, including a substantial increase just after sunrise at 07:00 local time. Higher photochemical aging (> 10 eq. days) led to a decrease in new SOA formation and a loss of preexisting OA due to heterogeneous oxidation followed by fragmentation and volatilization. When comparing two different commonly used methods of OH production in OFRs (OFR185 and OFR254-70), similar amounts of SOA formation were observed. We recommend the OFR185 mode for future forest studies. Concurrent gas-phase measurements of air after OH oxidation illustrate the decay of primary VOCs, production of small oxidized organic compounds, and net production at lower ages followed by net consumption of terpenoid oxidation products as photochemical age increased. New particle formation was observed in the reactor after oxidation, especially during times when precursor gas concentrations and SOA formation were largest. Approximately 4.4 times more SOA was formed in the reactor from OH oxidation than could be explained by the VOCs measured in ambient air. To our knowledge this is the first time that this has been shown when comparing VOC concentrations with SOA formation measured at the same time, rather than comparing measurements made at different times. An SOA yield of 18-58 % from those compounds can explain the observed SOA formation. S/IVOCs were the only pool of gas-phase carbon that was large enough to explain the observed SOA formation. This work suggests that these typically unmeasured gases play a substantial role in ambient SOA formation. Our results allow ruling out condensation sticking coefficients much lower than 1. These measurements help clarify the magnitu...

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Section: Condensation Vs Nucleation In the Ofrsupporting

confidence: 59%

In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor

et al. 2016

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“…No amine particles were identified in the MSA query. As discussed earlier, the presence of MSA in TMA and other amine-containing particles is possible, as indicated by laboratory studies of particle formation and growth from reactions between MSA, TMA (or methylamine and DMA) and water (Chen et al, 2015a, b). Amines have been frequently observed in marine aerosol (Facchini et al, 2008;Gaston et al, 2010;Müller et al, 2009;Sorooshian et al, 2009), and particulate amine levels have been found to correlate with particulate MSA levels (Sorooshian et al, 2009).…”

Section: Msamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, closer inspection of individual spectra suggests that at least some of the signal at −95 arises from miscalibrated negative ion mass spectra, and is in fact associated with sulfate. Although m/z −95 cannot therefore be definitively assigned to MSA here, internal mixing of MSA and TMA is possible, as indicated by laboratory studies (Chen et al, 2015a, b). Furthermore, MSA was also measured in bulk PM 10 during this campaign using the PILS-IC instrument, and is thus inevitably contained in a fraction of particles at this location.…”

Section: Regionally Transported Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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“…Numerous lab experiments and quantum chemical calculations reported amines play an important role in atmospheric nucleation and the growth of new particles (Zhang et al, 2012;Jen et 5 al., 2014;Chen et al, 2015aChen et al, , b, 2017Olenius et al, 2017), and oxalic acid, one of the most abundant dicarboxylic acids, was also proposed to be involved in NPF, and to be more readily bound to methylamine than to ammonia (Guo et al, 2016;Arquero et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2018). So far, it has been a challenge to accurately measure the mass concentrations of aminiums and oxalate in nucleation mode particles (Bzdek et al, 2013;Tao et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Roles Of Amines and Oxalic Acid In Growing New Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Zhu

Shen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. To study the particle number concentration, size distribution and new particle formation (NPF) events in marine atmosphere, we made measurements during six cruise campaigns over the marginal seas of China in 2011-2016 and one 10 campaign from the marginal seas to the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in 2014. We observed relatively frequent NPF events in the atmosphere over the marginal seas of China, i.e., 23 out of 126 observational days with the highest occurrence frequency in fall, followed by spring and summer. 22 out of 23 NPF events were analyzed to be associated with the long-range transport of continental pollutants based on 24-hr air mass back trajectories and the pre-existing particle number concentrations largely exceeding the clean marine background, leaving one much weaker NPF event to be likely induced by oceanic precursors 15 alone and supported by multiple independent evidences. Although the long-range transport signal of continental pollutants can be clearly observed in the remote marine atmosphere over the NWPO, NPF events were observed only in 2 days out of 36 days. The nucleation mode particles (<30 nm), however, accounted for as high as 40%13% of the total particle number concentration during the NWPO cruise campaign, implying that there were many undetected NPF events in the sea-level atmosphere or above. 20To better characterize NPF events, we introduced a term, i.e., the net maximum increase in nucleation mode particles number concentration (NMINP) and correlated it with formation rate of new particles (FR). We found a moderately good linear correlation between NMINP and FR at FR 8 cm -3 s -1 , but there was no correlation at FR >8 cm -3 s -1. The possible mechanisms were argued in terms of roles of different vapor precursors. We also found a ceiling existing for the growth of new particles from 10 nm to larger size in most of NPF events. We thereby introduce a term, i.e., the maximum geometric 25 median diameter of new particles (Dpgmax) and correlate it with the growth rate of new particles (GR). A moderately good linear correlation was also obtained between Dpgmax and GR, and only GR larger than 7.9 nm h -1 can lead to new particles growing with Dpgmax beyond 50 nm. Combining simultaneous measurements of the particle number size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at different super saturations (SS), we indeed observed a clear increase in CCN when the Dpg of new particles exceeded 50 nm at SS=0.4%. However, it was not the case for SS=0.2%. Consistent with previous studies in 30 continental atmosphere, our results implied that 50 nm can be used as the threshold for new particles to be activated as CCN in the marine atmosphere. Moreover, the κ decreased from 0.4 to 0.1 during the growth period of new particles, implying that Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Cited by 93 publications

References 80 publications

In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor

In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

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