The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

Barsanti, Kelley C.; McMurry, Peter H.; Smith, James N.

doi:10.5194/acp-9-2949-2009

Cited by 167 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

163

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Häkkinen et al (2012) observed a positive correlation between low-volatile aerosol material, atmospheric particulate organics, and organic nitrates at a boreal forest site in central Finland, owing to the presence of lowvolatility organonitrates or organic salts. Since the contribution of sea salt (or other mineral salts) in submicron particles at continental forest sites far from the sea is minor (Saarikoski et al, 2005), ammonium or aminium salts are likely main contributors to the growth of aerosol particles, even at sub-20 nm sizes (Barsanti et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2010). However, at marine sites or other mineral-rich areas the contribution of organic salts from mineral-salt-organicacid reactions may have a significant effect on aerosol chemical properties and further cloud processing (Furukawa and Takahashi, 2011;Laskin et al, 2012;Rinaldi et al, 2011; G. Drozd et al: Inorganic salts interact with organic di-acids 5207 Sorooshian et al, 2013).…”

Section: G Drozd Et Al: Inorganic Salts Interact With Organic Di-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol particles smaller than 50 nm in diameter are expected to contain compounds with equilibrium vapor pressures as low as 10 −8 -10 −7 Pa (Pierce et al, 2011). Such low vapor pressures can be achieved by organic salt formation via acid-base reactions Barsanti et al, 2009). For example, OxA has a high vapor pressure (∼ 10 −2 Pa), but the majority of atmospheric OxA resides in the particle phase due to oxalate formation (Ervens et al, 2011 and references therein).…”

Section: G Drozd Et Al: Inorganic Salts Interact With Organic Di-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inorganic salts interact with oxalic acid in submicron particles to form material with low hygroscopicity and volatility

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Volatility and hygroscopicity are two key properties of organic aerosol components, and both are strongly related to chemical identity. While the hygroscopicities of pure salts, di-carboxylic acids (DCA), and DCA salts are known, the hygroscopicity of internal mixtures of these components, as they are typically found in the atmosphere, has not been fully characterized. Here we show that inorganicorganic component interactions typically not considered in atmospheric models can lead to very strongly bound metalorganic complexes and greatly affect aerosol volatility and hygroscopicity; in particular, the bi-dentate binding of DCA to soluble inorganic ions. We have studied the volatility of pure, dry organic salt particles and the hygroscopicity of internal mixtures of oxalic acid (OxA, the dominant DCA in the atmosphere) and a number of salts, both mono-and divalent. The formation of very low volatility organic salts was confirmed, with minimal evaporation of oxalate salt particles below 75 • C. Dramatic increases in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation diameter for particles with di-valent salts (e.g., CaCl 2 ) and relatively small particle volume fractions of OxA indicate that standard volume additivity rules for hygroscopicity do not apply. Thus small organic compounds with high O : C ratios are capable of forming lowvolatility and very low hygroscopicity particles. Given current knowledge of the formation mechanisms of OxA and M-Ox salts, surface enrichment of insoluble M-Ox salts is expected. The resulting formation of an insoluble coating of metal-oxalate salts can explain low-particle hygroscopicities. The formation of particles with a hard coating could offer an alternative explanation for observations of glass-like particles without the need for a phase transition.

show abstract

Section: G Drozd Et Al: Inorganic Salts Interact With Organic Di-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G Drozd Et Al: Inorganic Salts Interact With Organic Di-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic salts interact with oxalic acid in submicron particles to form material with low hygroscopicity and volatility

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reactive uptake involves the multiphase transformation of a gasphase species into a new condensed-phase species that is less volatile than its precursor (e.g., Wang et al, 2010). Growth due to acid-base chemistry results from strong ionic interactions, which could be reversed depending on the chemical conditions within the cluster or particle (Bzdek et al, 2010;Barsanti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpectedly acidic nanoparticles formed in dimethylamine–ammonia–sulfuric-acid nucleation experiments at CLOUD

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. New particle formation driven by acid-base chemistry was initiated in the CLOUD chamber at CERN by introducing atmospherically relevant levels of gas-phase sulfuric acid and dimethylamine (DMA). Ammonia was also present in the chamber as a gas-phase contaminant from earlier experiments. The composition of particles with volume median diameters (VMDs) as small as 10 nm was measured by the Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TDCIMS). Particulate ammonium-to-dimethylaminium ratios were higher than the gas-phase ammonia-to-DMA ratios, suggesting preferential uptake of ammonia over DMA for the collected 10-30 nm VMD particles. This behavior is not consistent with present nanoparticle physicochemical models, which predict a higher dimethylaminium fraction when NH 3 and DMA are present at similar gas-phase concentrations. Despite the presence in the gas phase of at least 100 times higher base concentrations than sulfuric acid, the recently formed particles always had measured base : acid ratios lower than 1 : 1. The lowest base fractions were found in particles below 15 nm VMD, with a strong size-dependent composition gradient. The reasons for the very acidic composition remain uncertain, but a plausible explanation is thatPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 13602 M. J. Lawler et al.: Acidic nanoparticles at CLOUD the particles did not reach thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to the bases due to rapid heterogeneous conversion of SO 2 to sulfate. These results indicate that sulfuric acid does not require stabilization by ammonium or dimethylaminium as acid-base pairs in particles as small as 10 nm.

show abstract

“…[30] Many studies have been performed to explore the enhancement effect of amines in nucleation in competition with ammonia. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In the past two decades, on-line single particle mass spectrometry has made significant contributions to the studies of ambient aerosols. [43] Using this technique, the size and composition of many individual particles can be determined simultaneously with good time resolution, allowing particle composition to be correlated with rapid changes in environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single particle analysis of amines in ambient aerosol in Shanghai

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental context. Amines, a group of basic organic compounds, play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. We studied their distribution in ambient aerosols at the single particle level, and found that high relative humidity and strong particle acidity can attract more amines from the gas phase to particles. Amines may account for a significant part of organic mass in aerosols in areas with high emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer was deployed in urban Shanghai to analyse amine-containing particles during two separate sampling periods, 1-9 August 2007 and 22-27 December 2009. Amine-containing particles are identified by a mass spectrometric marker at m/z 86 [NCH 2 (C 2 H 5 ) 2 þ ] and classified into six major particle types to explore their possible origins. The number fraction of amine-containing particles in winter was much higher than in summer (23.4 v. 4.4 %), which can be explained by preferred gas-to-particle partitioning of gaseous amines at lower temperatures. Mass spectrometric patterns show the strong acidity of particles collected in December 2009, suggesting the acid-base reaction pathway might also contribute to the high concentration of amine aerosol in winter. Two fog episodes and two after-rain episodes of amine-containing particle bursts were observed in August 2007. Tightly correlated number fractions of sulfate-and amine-containing particles in all these episodes reveal that high relative humidity greatly enhances particulate amine formation based on acid-base reaction and subsequent particle growth. Our observations suggest that amines may account for significant parts of secondary organic mass in heavily polluted areas.

show abstract

The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

Cited by 167 publications

References 64 publications

Inorganic salts interact with oxalic acid in submicron particles to form material with low hygroscopicity and volatility

Inorganic salts interact with oxalic acid in submicron particles to form material with low hygroscopicity and volatility

Unexpectedly acidic nanoparticles formed in dimethylamine–ammonia–sulfuric-acid nucleation experiments at CLOUD

Single particle analysis of amines in ambient aerosol in Shanghai

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About