Characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of Portland cement impregnated with silver nanoparticles

Abstract

PURPOSEThis study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticle (SN) loading into hydraulic calcium silicate-based Portland cement on its mechanical, antibacterial behavior and biocompatibility as a novel dental bone substitute.MATERIALS AND METHODSChemically reduced colloidal SN were combined with Portland cement (PC) by the concentrations of 0 (control), 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%. The physico-mechanical properties of silver-Portland cement nanocomposites (SPNC) were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, compressive strength, solubility, and silver ion elution. Antimicrobial properties of SPNC were tested by agar diffusion against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Cytotoxic evaluation for human gingival fibroblast (HGF) was performed by MTS assay.RESULTSXRD certified that SN was successfully impregnated in PC. SPNC at above 3.0 wt% significantly reduced both initial and final setting times compared to control PC. No statistical differences of the compressive strength values were detected after SN loadings, and solubility rates of SPNC were below 3.0%, which are acceptable by ADA guidelines. Ag ion elutions from SPNC were confirmed with dose-dependence on the concentrations of SN added. SPNC of 5.0 wt% inhibited the growth of Streptococci, whereas no antimicrobial activity was shown in control PC. SPNC revealed no cytotoxic effects to HGF following ISO 10993 (cell viability > 70%).CONCLUSIONAddition of SN promoted the antibacterial activity and favored the bio-mechanical properties of PC; thus, SPNC could be a candidate for the futuristic dental biomaterial. For clinical warrant, further studies including the inhibitory mechanism, in vivo and long-term researches are still required.

EDAX and FTIR Characterization and Setting Time of an Experimental Nanoparticle Incorporated Root-end Filling Material

“…Garcia et al proved that the addition of silver nanoparticles in calcium silicate based cements increased their antibacterial activity and also favoured their physicomechanical properties [4]. Studies by Nam on silver nanoparticle loading into hydraulic calcium silicate-based Portland cement also showed to possess better mechanical, antibacterial behavior and biocompatibility to be used as a novel dental bone substitute [7]. Kogan et al tested various additives to be mixed with MTA in an attempt to enhance the setting characteristics and found that calcium chloride was a better substitute to distilled water to reduce the setting time [14].…”

“…The addition of 10% calcium chloride to MTA and PC has been reported to reduce the setting time and increase compressive strength [3,6]. The addition of silver nanoparticles to MTA has been shown to improve its antimicrobial efficacy [7,8]. The aim of this study was to develop a novel fast-setting nano root-end filling material based on calcium silicate with the addition of silver nanoparticles and calcium chloride.…”

Application of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles in Dentistry

“…The addition of NPs promoted antibacterial activity in Ca(OH) 2 [72,73] and other filling materials [74,75,76,77]. Calcium silicate cement such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) showed antimicrobial effects, and their antimicrobial activity was significantly enhanced by mixing them with different concentrations of AgNPs [75,78]. Similarly, the addition of QPEI NPs also reduced bacteria viability and promoted cell death [48,76,79].…”

Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological Innovation

“…Dentistry uses a series of compounds based on BISGMA/TEDGMA, PMMA, silicones, alginates, tissue conditioners, and porcelain to make molds and prosthetic devices. The addition of silver nanoparticles to silicones promoted an antibacterial effect proportional to the AgNP concentration [ 19 ], and their addition to alginates did not alter the mechanical properties of the impression material [ 83 ], but decreased the setting time and increased the solubilization of Portland cement [ 37 ].…”

“…Color change was attributed to the plasmatic effect of AgNP through electronic propagation as an electromagnetic wave in the visible light spectrum [ 16 , 29 ]. In addition, researchers have already reported that AgNPs have no genotoxicity [ 73 ] or cytotoxicity [ 27 , 35 , 37 , 82 ]. In contrast, another study has already reported mild cytotoxicity in rat fibroblasts [ 92 ].…”