Characteristics of the liquid flame spray process

Tikkanen, Juha; Gross, Kārlis Agris; Berndt, C. C.; Pitkänen, Ville; Keskinen, Jorma; Raghu, S.; Rajala, Markku; Karthikeyan, J.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(96)03153-2

Cited by 113 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to the data by Tikkanen et al (1997), Pitkänen et al (2005), Mäkelä et al (2006) and Keskinen et al (2007a), the maximum temperature of the LFS flame exceeds 2600 K. A temperature profile obtained with typical gas volume flow rates, (H 2 /O 2 = 20/10 l/min) is presented in Fig. 2 (Pitkänen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The term 'Liquid Flame Spray' was originally used by Tikkanen et al (1994), Tikkanen et al (1997) and Gross et al (1999) in connection with an application where art glass was coloured by nanoparticles deposited from the flame onto the surface of a molten glass item. In this article, we have maintained this definition that LFS consists of a liquid precursor atomization by one of the combustion gases, favourably H 2 .…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic characteristics of the LFS process have been presented by Tikkanen et al (1997) and Aromaa et al (2007), and the process fundamentals have been further discussed by Pitkänen et al (2005), Keskinen et al (2007a) and Keskinen et al (2008). A schematic of the LFS-burner is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…single component (Tikkanen et al, 1997;Mäkelä et al, 2004), binary component Keskinen et al, 2005) and multicomponent nanopowders (Nikkanen et al, 2008;Nikkanen et al,. 2014).…”

Section: Nanopowder Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Mäkelä¹,

Haapanen²,

Harra³

et al. 2017

KONA

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In this review article, a specific flame spray pyrolysis method, Liquid Flame Spray (LFS), is introduced to produce nanoparticles using a coflow type hydrogen-oxygen flame utilizing pneumatically sprayed liquid precursor. This method has been widely used in several applications due to its characteristic features, from producing nanopowders and nanostructured functional coatings to colouring of art glass and generating test aerosols. These special characteristics will be described via the example applications where the LFS has been applied in the past 20 years.

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Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…single component (Tikkanen et al, 1997;Mäkelä et al, 2004), binary component Keskinen et al, 2005) and multicomponent nanopowders (Nikkanen et al, 2008;Nikkanen et al,. 2014).…”

Section: Nanopowder Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Mäkelä¹,

Haapanen²,

Harra³

et al. 2017

KONA

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“…The nanopowders were produced with a flame synthesis method called the Liquid Flame Spray (LFS) (Tikkanen et al 1997). In the LFS, a precursor dissolved in a liquid solution is atomized into a turbulent H 2 /O 2 flame.…”

Section: Generation Of the Silica And Titania Carrier Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating of Silica and Titania Aerosol Nanoparticles by Silver Vapor Condensation

Harra

Juuti

Haapanen

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Silica and titania aerosol nanoparticles are coated with silver through a physical coating process. The silver is evaporated in a tubular furnace flow system and condensed on the ceramic carrier particles with diameters of approximately 100 nm. The temperature gradient in the furnace system is optimized in order to avoid homogeneous nucleation of the silver. The generated ceramic-silver composite nanoparticles are characterized with aerosol measurements and analytical transmission electron microscopy. Two completely different particle morphologies are clearly observed, silver-decoration and composite doublet, with amorphous silica and crystalline rutile titania as the carrier particles, respectively. The former morphology consists of multiple silver nanodots with diameters of 1-10 nm, while in the latter morphology the silver had formed a larger structure with a size comparable to that of the carrier particle. Different shapes are observed in these larger silver structures, such as triangular, rodlike, and hexagonal. Differences in the silver particle migration on the surface of the silica and titania particles is proposed to be the key factor resulting into the two distinct particle morphologies.

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Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Kammler

Mädler

Pratsinis³

2001

Chem. Eng. Technol.

383

205

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An overview of recent advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles by flame aerosol processes is given. In flame processes with gaseous precursors emphasis is placed on reactant mixing and composition, additives, and external electric fields for control of product characteristics. Thermophoretic sampling can monitor the formation and growth of nanoparticles, while the corresponding temperature history can be obtained by non-intrusive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, synthesis of composite nanoparticles for various applications is addressed such as in reinforcement or catalysis as well as for scale-up from 1 to 700 g/h of silica-carbon nanostructured particles. In flame processes with liquid precursors using the so-called flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), emphasis is placed on reactant and fuel composition. The FSP processes are quite attractive as they can employ a wide array of precursors, so a broad spectrum of new nanosized powders can be synthesized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with gas-phase particle formation models offer unique possibilities for improvement and possible new designs for flame reactors.

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Characteristics of the liquid flame spray process

Cited by 113 publications

References 11 publications

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Coating of Silica and Titania Aerosol Nanoparticles by Silver Vapor Condensation

Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

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