Characteristics of LDAPS-predicted Surface Wind Speed and Temperature at Automated Weather Stations with Different Surrounding Land Cover and Topography in Korea

Kim, Dong-Ju; Kang, Geon; Kim, Do-Yong; Kim, Jae‒Jin

doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0024.v1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…These observational platforms provided high‐quality and high spatiotemporal resolution wind observations (especially from the AWSs, radar and satellites) for the LDAPS reanalysis dataset, and the error between observations and this reanalysis dataset was sufficiently minimized after careful corrections from the KMA. Such initial conditions have also significantly improved LDAPS forecasting ability of small‐scale weather phenomena over complex terrain in Korea (Choi et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2019, 2020). The wind fields from LDAPS are used as one of the constraints in WISSDOM to minimize the errors of retrieved 3D winds and to compare the discrepancies of winds with previous numerical studies (Section 4.1.1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orographic‐Induced Strong Wind Associated With a Low‐Pressure System Under Clear‐Air Condition During ICE‐POP 2018

et al. 2022

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A strong wind event under clear‐air conditions during the 2018 Winter Olympic and Paralympic games in Pyeongchang, Korea, was examined using various datasets. High spatiotemporal resolution wind information was obtained by Doppler lidars, automatic weather stations, wind profiler, sounding observations, reanalysis datasets under the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE‐POP 2018). This study aimed to understand the possible mechanisms of localized strong winds across a high mountainous area and on the leeside associated with the underlying large‐scale pattern of a low‐pressure system (LPS). The evolution of surface winds shows quite different patterns, exhibiting intensification of strong winds in the leeside and periodically persistent strong winds in upstream mountainous areas with the approaching LPS. The surface wind speed was intensified from ∼3 to ∼12 m s−1 (gusts were stronger than 20 m s−1 above the ground) at a surface station in the leeside. A budget analysis of the horizontal momentum equation suggested that the pressure gradient force (PGF) contributed from adiabatic warming and the passage of LPS was the main factor in the acceleration of the surface wind in the leeward side of the mountains. The detailed 3D winds revealed that the PGF also modulated the background winds at the mountainous station, which caused persistent strong and periodic winds (range of ∼7 to ∼12 m s−1) related to the channeling effect. The evidence showed that under the same synoptic condition of a LPS, different mechanisms are important for strong winds in determining the strength and persistence of orographic‐induced strong winds under clear‐air conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orographic‐Induced Strong Wind Associated With a Low‐Pressure System Under Clear‐Air Condition During ICE‐POP 2018

et al. 2022

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Performance Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in Simulating Structures of Wintertime Lower Troposphere in Seoul Using One-Hour Interval Radiosonde Observation

et al. 2022

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We investigated the structures of the wintertime lower troposphere in Seoul, South Korea on 17 and 18 January 2017 by performing 1 h interval radiosonde observation and numerical simulations. In the daytime on 17 January, the height of the convective boundary layer (CBL) sharply and quickly increased when the residual layer became a part of the CBL. From the afternoon on 17 January, moist air with clouds began to substantially intrude in the lower troposphere in Seoul, and radiative heating/cooling weakened. As a result, the mixing of air in the lower troposphere was inhibited and the vertical gradients of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio changed little on 18 January. We evaluated the performance of four planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes (the Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ), Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN), and Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2) schemes) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model in simulating the structures of the lower troposphere against 1 h interval radiosonde observation. The general tendencies of the air temperature and wind speed in the lower troposphere were well-reproduced in the four simulations. However, the sharp increase in the CBL height did not appear in the four simulations, implying that the process of the residual layer becoming a part of the CBL in the daytime is not well-parameterized. Additionally, the simulated water vapor mixing ratio near the surface was smaller compared with the observation. We found that small-scale turbulence in the CBL, which mixes advected air and pre-existing air, was not reproduced well by the PBL parameterization schemes. Compared with the other simulations, the most accurate air temperature and wind speed were reproduced in the simulation with the MYJ scheme, while the CBL development and moisture advection were reproduced relatively well in the simulation with the MYNN scheme.

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A High-Resolution (20 m) Simulation of Nighttime Low Temperature Inducing Agricultural Crop Damage with the WRF–LES Modeling System

Noh

Lee

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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In Korea, sudden cold weather in spring occurs repeatedly every year and causes severe damage to field crops and fruit trees. Detailed forecasting of the daily minimum or suddenly decreasing temperature, closely related to the local topography, has been required in the farmer community. High-resolution temperature models based on empirical formulas or statistical downscaling have fundamental limitations, making it difficult to perform biophysical application and mechanism explanation on small-scale complex terrains. Weather Research and Forecasting–Large Eddy Simulation (WRF–LES) can provide a dynamically and physically scientific tool to be easily applied for farm-scale numerical weather predictions. However, it has been applied mainly for urban areas and in convective boundary layer studies until now. In this study, 20 m resolution WRF–LES simulation of nighttime near-surface temperature and wind was performed for two cold spring weather events that induced significant crop damages in the apple production area and the results were verified with automatic weather station observation data. The study showed that the maximum mean bias of temperature was −1.75 °C and the minimum was −0.68 °C in the spring, while the root mean square error varied between 2.13 and 3.00 °C. The minimum temperature and its duration significantly affected the crop damage, and the WRF–LES could accurately simulate both features. This implies that the application of WRF–LES, with proper nest-domain configuration and harmonized physical options, to the prediction of nighttime frost in rural areas has promising feasibility for orchard- or farm-scale frost prevention and low-temperature management.

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Characteristics of LDAPS-predicted Surface Wind Speed and Temperature at Automated Weather Stations with Different Surrounding Land Cover and Topography in Korea

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Orographic‐Induced Strong Wind Associated With a Low‐Pressure System Under Clear‐Air Condition During ICE‐POP 2018

Orographic‐Induced Strong Wind Associated With a Low‐Pressure System Under Clear‐Air Condition During ICE‐POP 2018

Performance Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in Simulating Structures of Wintertime Lower Troposphere in Seoul Using One-Hour Interval Radiosonde Observation

A High-Resolution (20 m) Simulation of Nighttime Low Temperature Inducing Agricultural Crop Damage with the WRF–LES Modeling System

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