Characteristics of Accessory Mental Foramina Observed on Limited Cone-beam Computed Tomography Images

Katakami, Kaori; Mishima, Akira; Shiozaki, Kazunari; Shimoda, Shinji; Hamada, Y.; Kobayashi, Kaoru

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.033

Cited by 109 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Any NFs observed were excluded from this study. The reported frequency of occurrence ranges from 5.7% to 8.3% in previous CBCT studies (5,(8)(9)(10)(11). In the present study, the rate of AMF presence was 6.3%, similar to rates found in previous studies (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Multiple MFs have only been reported and evaluated using CBCT images in some studies (5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The foramina located in the surrounding region of the MF have been reported as AMFs although there is no clear definition for AMFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in previous studies (5,8,9), an AMF was defined strictly as a buccal foramen smaller than the MF and followed by the accessory branch of the MC before its exit from the MF regardless of its location. Buccal foramina showing discontinuity with the mandibular canal were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buccal foramina showing continuity without the MC are considered to be the so-called nutrient foramina (5). AMFs normally occur singly, but the number can range from 1 to 3 foramina per side (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Assessment of Accessory Mental Foramina Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Göregen¹

2013

Turk J Med Sci

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A new sildenafil analogue was found to have been added illegally to a dietary supplement marketed for the enhancement of sexual function. The structure was determined as 5- (2-ethoxy-5-{[4-(3,5-Owing to the inclusion of a dimethyl group in acetildenafil, the detected compound was called dimethylacetildenafil. The sample was purified with column chromatography. The IR, LC/MS (ESI), and completely assigned NMR data of dimethylacetildenafil are reported for the first time. The structure was compared with that of acetildenafil and the results showed that the ethyl substitution at the 4-position of the piperazine ring had been replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl substitution. This new acetildenafil analogue was isolated and identified for the first time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Assessment of Accessory Mental Foramina Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Göregen¹

2013

Turk J Med Sci

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“…18 Knowing where the additional mental foramen is located may prevent nerve and vascular injury. 1,19 The double mental foramen may innervate and vascularize a distant area, like that of case 3. It may also interfere in anesthetic techniques, and its unusual location may further complicate surgical procedures, causing traumas, hemorrhage and paresthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of open source software for CBCT in detecting additional mental foramina

et al. 2013

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate which post-processing imaging protocol would be better to analyze the additional mental foramen (AMF) in preoperative planning with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams, and to test reproducibility of measurements, using open source software (OsiriX). The software was used to detect the cases of AMF from among 58 exams for dental implant planning in edentulous mandible areas-three cases were found. The case images were submitted to qualitative analysis using 2D orthogonal MPR, 3D-MPR and 3D volume rendering protocols by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Quantitative analysis used the 3D-MPR protocol; the closed polygon tool measured the mental foramen (MF) and the AMF areas; the length tool measured the distance between foramina. The measurements were performed independently by the examiners, at two different times. Intra-and interexaminer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The panoramic view did not show the MF and the AMF clearly. The AMF could be detected in the parasagittal view. 2D Orthogonal MPR was effective to observe the AMF in some cases. The 3D-MPR and 3D view protocols were the most effective to locate and analyze the AMF. In conclusion, a 3D view improves visualization when anatomical points are not clearly visible. 3D-MPR was considered a more effective post-processing imaging protocol to observe foramina relationships. The high reproducibility of measurements for anatomical MF variations was established using specific tools featured in open source software for CBCT. OsiriX is realistic and recommended for preoperative planning.

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Variation in accessory mental foramen frequency and number in extant hominoids

Robinson

Yoakum

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Nerves providing sensation to the lower face and jaw exit the mandibular canal via the mental foramen. In humans, there are many documented occurrences of additional foramina (accessory mental foramina, AMFs) on the lateral mandibular surface that may also contain nervous structures. There are large discrepancies in the literature regarding how often AMFs occur in humans, and investigations of non-human hominoid AMFs are rare. Consequently, the causes of interspecific diversity in this variable have not been explored. This project seeks to compare the frequency and number of AMFs between males and females, and among human regional groups and hominoid subspecies and species, and to investigate possible causal factors for any differences identified. No significant differences were found between males and females in any group. Gorillas and orangutans had the highest percentages of individuals with AMFs and the highest mean number of foramina, while modern humans and siamangs had the lowest figures for these variables. Significant differences (p < .05) were found for the mean number of foramina between most pairs of species. The results also showed that species with mandibles that are larger overall, have a larger area anterior to mental foramen, and a longer mandibular canal typically present more AMFs. The strongest correlation was found between the mean number of mental foramina and mandibular canal length. We suggest that these results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that increasing mandibular canal length increases the likelihood that that nerves will ramify, leading to greater frequencies of accessory mental foramina.

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Characteristics of Accessory Mental Foramina Observed on Limited Cone-beam Computed Tomography Images

Cited by 109 publications

References 31 publications

The Assessment of Accessory Mental Foramina Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

The Assessment of Accessory Mental Foramina Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Assessment of open source software for CBCT in detecting additional mental foramina

Variation in accessory mental foramen frequency and number in extant hominoids

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