Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Left-Sided Native Bivalvular Infective Endocarditis

Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with left‐sided infective endocarditis complicated by heart failure: a substudy of the ESC‐EORP EURO‐ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry

“…Clinical characteristics previously reported for patients with IE complicated by CHF are aortic valve involvement, severe valvular regurgitation, advanced age, and the presence of comorbidities 5,7,8 . Accordingly, in our study, patients complicated by CHF were older, with more comorbidity, and had more advanced lesions, with larger vegetations, severe regurgitation, and more frequent mitro‐aortic involvement, which is associated with poor survival 20 . Interestingly, but as previously noted, the presence of a prosthetic valve 8 or Staphylococcus aureus infection 7,8 were not associated with CHF.…”

“…5,7,8 Accordingly, in our study, patients complicated by CHF were older, with more comorbidity, and had more advanced lesions, with larger vegetations, severe regurgitation, and more frequent mitro-aortic involvement, which is associated with poor survival. 20 Interestingly, but as previously noted, the presence of a prosthetic valve 8 or Staphylococcus aureus infection 7,8 were not associated with CHF.…”

Prognostic Value of a Novel Parameter in Patients with Infective Endocarditis

“…In recent times, investigators have made a great effort to explore factors to judge the prognosis of patients with different diseases, such as IE [ 8 – 12 ]. LDH, lymphocyte, and LWR are inexpensive, easy to get, and automated factors that timely and effectively forecast the prognosis of the patients with different sicknesses [ 13 – 17 ].…”

Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

“…Further, results of blood cultures can be inconclusive due to contamination by commensal bacteria, a complex polymicrobial biofilm ( Oberbach et al, 2017 ), or insufficient amounts of bacteria to culture. Negative blood cultures are found in approximately 24% of all IE cases, which is similar for NVE (25%), CDRIE (26%), and PVE (23%) ( Hussein et al, 2016 ; Koneru et al, 2018 ; Calais et al, 2019 ; de Camargo et al, 2019 ; El Gabry et al, 2019 ; Habib et al, 2019 ; Heriot et al, 2019 ; Nesterovics et al, 2019 ; Płońska-Gościniak et al, 2019 ; San et al, 2019 ; Witten et al, 2019 ; Bohbot et al, 2021 ; Duval et al, 2021 ; Jędrzejczyk-Patej et al, 2021 ; Michałowska et al, 2021 ; Pyo et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Microorganism prevalence was evaluated based on all IE, NVE, CDRIE, PVE ( Figure 2 ). Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 27% of NVE, followed by streptococci (26%), and enterococci (12%) ( de Camargo et al, 2019 ; El Gabry et al, 2019 ; Habib et al, 2019 ; Heriot et al, 2019 ; San et al, 2019 ; Chambers and Bayer, 2020 ; Hubers et al, 2020 ; Bohbot et al, 2021 ; Duval et al, 2021 ; Pyo et al, 2021 ). Coagulase-negative staphylococci have a prevalence of 6.3% in NVE, which is in contrast to CDRIE with 25.2% ( Hussein et al, 2016 ; Koneru et al, 2018 ; Calais et al, 2019 ; Habib et al, 2019 ; Nesterovics et al, 2019 ; San et al, 2019 ; Witten et al, 2019 ; Bohbot et al, 2021 ; Duval et al, 2021 ; Pyo et al, 2021 ).…”