Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Kouijzer, Joop J. P.; Noordermeer, Daniëlle J.; Leeuwen, Wouter J. van; Verkaik, Nelianne J.; Lattwein, Kirby R.

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.995508

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 253 publications

(459 reference statements)

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“…Subacute infection has insidious onset and presents with nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, chills, sweats, or shortness of breath. Other clinical signs include skin lesions such as Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages, petechiae, and clubbing [ 8 ].…”

Section: Clinical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Review of Multi-Modality Cardiac Imaging Evaluation of Infective Endocarditis

Arockiam

Agrawal

Dahdah

et al. 2023

Life

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Infective endocarditis (IE) remains to be a heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, which can affect native valves, prosthetic valves, and intra-cardiac devices, in addition to causing systemic complications. The combination of clinical, laboratory, and cardiac imaging evaluation is critical for early diagnosis and risk stratification of IE. This can facilitate timely medical and surgical management to improve patient outcomes. Key imaging findings for IE include vegetations, valve perforation, prosthetic valve dehiscence, pseudoaneurysms, abscesses, and fistulae. Transthoracic echocardiography continues to be the first-line imaging modality of choice, while transesophageal echocardiography subsequently provides an improved structural assessment and characterization of lesions to facilitate management decision in IE. Recent advances in other imaging modalities, especially cardiac computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeox-yglucose positron emission tomography, and to a lesser extent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and other nuclear imaging techniques, have demonstrated important roles in providing complementary IE diagnostic and prognostic information. This review aims to discuss the individual and integrated utilities of contemporary multi-modality cardiac imaging for the assessment and treatment guidance of IE.

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Section: Clinical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Review of Multi-Modality Cardiac Imaging Evaluation of Infective Endocarditis

Arockiam

Agrawal

Dahdah

et al. 2023

Life

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“…(5%). 10 Despite the development of diagnostic tools, there are still up to 50% in-hospital mortality. 43 No significant improvement compared to the last decades.…”

Section: Non-culture-based Diagnostic Tools For Culture-negative Endo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase is mainly due to age-related degenerative valvular disease and the increased need for cardiac devices and invasive procedures including hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. 10 , 11 In a retrospective cohort study, with a total of 405 patients with definite infective endocarditis, showed patients older than 65 years old had more predisposing factors including previous cardiac surgery history and degenerative heart disease compared with younger patients. 12 In the past 20 years, with the development of techniques, the etiology of infective endocarditis has changed due to an increase in cardiac device implantation and prosthetic valve proportion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Culture Negative Endocarditis: A Review of Laboratory Diagnostic Approaches

Lin¹,

Yeh²,

Chuang³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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Infective endocarditis is a potentially fatal condition, and identifying the pathogen is crucial to optimizing antibiotic treatment. While a blood culture takes time and may yield negative results, it remains the gold standard for diagnosis, blood culture-negative endocarditis, which accounts for up to 20% of infective endocarditis cases, poses a clinical challenge with increasing mortality. To better understand the etiology of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis, we reviewed non-culture-based strategies and compared the results. Serology tests work best in limited pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella infections. Most of the pathogens identified by broad-range PCR tests are Streptococcus spp , Staphylococcus spp and Propionibacterium spp . adding specific real-time PCR assays to the systematic PCR testing of patients with blood culture-negative endocarditis will increase the efficiency of diagnosis. Recently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing has also shown promising results.

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“…The vegetations correspond to a septic thrombus, whose growth is promoted by the activation of hemostasis by cytokines. Microorganisms that have colonized the vegetations are difficult to access by antibiotics and immune defenses [9].…”

Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Platelets in Infective Endocarditis

Braï

Hannachi

Gueddari

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Over the last decade, the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) has increased, with a change in the frequency of causative bacteria. Early evidence has substantially demonstrated the crucial role of bacterial interaction with human platelets, with no clear mechanistic characterization in the pathogenesis of IE. The pathogenesis of endocarditis is so complex and atypical that it is still unclear how and why certain bacterial species will induce the formation of vegetation. In this review, we will analyze the key role of platelets in the physiopathology of endocarditis and in the formation of vegetation, depending on the bacterial species. We provide a comprehensive outline of the involvement of platelets in the host immune response, investigate the latest developments in platelet therapy, and discuss prospective research avenues for solving the mechanistic enigma of bacteria–platelet interaction for preventive and curative medicine.

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Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Cited by 17 publications

References 253 publications

Contemporary Review of Multi-Modality Cardiac Imaging Evaluation of Infective Endocarditis

Contemporary Review of Multi-Modality Cardiac Imaging Evaluation of Infective Endocarditis

Blood Culture Negative Endocarditis: A Review of Laboratory Diagnostic Approaches

The Role of Platelets in Infective Endocarditis

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