Characterisation of Pellets Made From Oil Palm Residues in Costa Rica

Valaert, Jorre; Moya, Róger; Moya, Róger

doi:10.21894/jopr.2016.2802.08

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…residues, such empty fruit bunches, fruit mesocarps, leaves, and fronds. All of these feedstocks showed problems linked with their ash content, durability, bulk density, and LHV [25,69,70].…”

Section: Pure Feedstock For Pellet Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of biomass could be of significant use thanks to the large amount available, the low price, and the importance of agricultural waste re-use as by-products in maintaining a green and circular economy [24]. However, in most cases, the quality of agropellets is less than that of forest pellets, and the main disadvantages are related to the low bulk density, high ash content, and low calorific value [25]. One possible solution is mixing woody and non-woody biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation

Picchio

Latterini²,

Venanzi

et al. 2020

Energies

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Forest and agricultural biomass are important sources of renewable and sustainable fuel for energy production. Their increasing consumption is mainly related to the increase in global energy demand and fossil fuel prices but also to the limited availability of petroleum and the lower environmental impact of these biomass compared with other non-renewable fuels. In particular, the pellet sector has seen important developments in terms of both production and the number of installed transformation plants. In addition, pellet production from non-woody biomass is increasing in importance. One of the fundamental aspects for the correct and sustainable use of a biofuel is evaluation of its quality. This is even more important when dealing with pellet production, considering the broad spectrum of possible raw materials for pelletizing. Considering the significant number of papers dealing with pellet quality evaluation and improvement in the last decade, this review aims to give the reader an overall view of the most current knowledge about this large and interesting topic. We focused on pellets of agricultural and forestry origin and analyzed papers regarding the specific topic of pellet quality evaluation and improvement from the last five years (2016–2020). In particular, the review findings are presented in the following order: the influence of different agro-forest management systems on pellet quality; analysis of pellets from pure feedstocks (no blending or binders); the influence of blending and binders on pellet quality; and the influence of pre and post treatments. Finally, a brief discussion about actual research lacks in this topic and the possibilities for future research are presented. It is important to underline that the present review is focused on the influence of the biomass characteristics on pellet quality. The effects of the process parameters (die temperature, applied pressure, holding time) on pellet features are not considered in this review, because that is another very large topic deserving a dedicated paper.

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Section: Pure Feedstock For Pellet Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation

Picchio

Latterini²,

Venanzi

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Several researchers examined the compression process of different raw materials such as wood, wood waste and bark (Chin and Siddiqui 2000;Demirbaş et al 2004;Lehtikangas 2001;Li and Liu 2000;Rhén et al 2005Rhén et al , 2007, forest residues (Lehtikangas 1999; Acda and Devera 2014), straws, grasses (wheat, barley, corn etc.) (Smith et al 1977;Wamukonya and Jenkins 1995;Demirbaş 1999;Kaliyan and Morey 2006;Mani et al 2004Mani et al ,2006aNdiema et al 2002;Olsson 2006;Shaw 2008;Gilbert et al 2009;Lehmann et al 2012;Stelte et al 2012;Lee et al 2013), alfalfa (Adapa et al 2002;Sokhansanj 1996a, b, 1997;Fasina and Sokhansanj 1995), olive cake (waste) (Al-Widyan et al 2002;Yaman et al 2000), palm fiber and shell (Husain et al 2002;Tenorio et al 2016;Wattana et al 2017). Since pellet production has been studied most frequently and in many detail, this is described further below.…”

Section: Pellet Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of lignin in wood working processes using elevated temperatures: an abbreviated literature survey

Börcsök

Pásztory

2020

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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The lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses in wood are polymers that behave similarly to the artificial polymers and are bonded together in wood. Lignin differs from the other two substances by its highly branched, amorphous, three-dimensional structure. Under appropriate conditions, the moist lignin incorporated in the wood softens at about 100 °C and allows the molecules of it to deform in the cell walls. There are many advantages and disadvantages to this phenomenon. If we know this process accurately and the industrial areas where it matters, we may be able to improve these industrial processes. This article provides a brief theoretical summary of lignin softening and the woodworking processes where it plays a role: wood welding, pellet manufacturing, manufacturing binderless boards, solid wood bending, veneer manufacturing, and solid wood surface densification.

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“…There have been numerous research and development (R&D) works on EFB pellets by many researchers with the majority focusing on production and characterisation of EFB pellets [25][26][27][28]9]. Although the potential of EFB pellets is manifold, these studies nevertheless showed that their quality is relatively lower compared to commercial wood pellets, mainly due to high ash content and presence of inorganic matters [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

Nasrin

Loh

Sukiran

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fuel quality is among the major issues encountered for commercial production and utilisation of oil palm-based biomass pellets from empty fruit bunches (EFB). In this study, a physical treatment, namely sieving and water washing, was applied to EFB prior to densification using an industrial-scale plant. The physiochemical properties of the produced EFB pellets were compared with those without physical treatment as the control. The results showed that the physical treatment process had significantly enhanced the fuel properties of EFB pellets, particularly in reducing ash content. Both the treatments; sieving alone and a combined sieving and water washing of the feedstock managed to reduce the ash content of EFB pellets to < 4 wt.% and < 2 wt.%, respectively compared to > 5 wt.% of typical commercial EFB pellets. The reduction in ash content improved the calorific value of pellets to > 17.5 MJ kg-1 which signified achieving a milestone for oil palm biomass-based heat and power generation from technical, operational, economic and environmental points of view. The findings also indicated that the combined sieving and water washing treatment method could potentially reduce further the unwanted ash-inducing elementals in EFB pellets, in particular chlorine and potassium. This study demonstrated that the employed physical treatment is an immediate and cost-effective practical commercial approach to improve the fuel properties of EFB pellets.

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Characterisation of Pellets Made From Oil Palm Residues in Costa Rica

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation

Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation

The role of lignin in wood working processes using elevated temperatures: an abbreviated literature survey

Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

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