Characterisation of particulate matter and gaseous emissions from a large ship diesel engine

Moldanová, Jana; Fridell, Erik; Popovicheva, Olga; Demirdjian, Benjamin; Tishkova, Victoria; Faccinetto, Alessandro; Focşa, Cristian

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.008

Cited by 356 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…BghiP and IP are markers for gasoline emissions (Boström et al 2002;Riddle et al 2007;Ravindra et al 2008a), whereas the profile analysis of different sources (Manoli et al 2004) revealed high emission factors of IP and BghiP for bus exhausts and city soils. Moreover, enrichment in 200-300 amu weighted PAHs was also found typical of large ship diesel engine emissions (Moldanová et al 2009). High loadings of larger molecular weight PAHs and low loadings of the smaller ones have been also linked to the combustion of heavy oils, like those used as fuels for jets and big ships (Lee et al 2004).…”

Section: Source Identification (Factor Analysis)mentioning

confidence: 90%

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

Masiol

Centanni

Hofer

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Purpose This study presents a procedure to differentiate the local and remote sources of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Methods Data were collected during an extended PM 2.5 sampling campaign (2009)(2010) carried out for 1 year in Venice-Mestre, Italy, at three stations with different emissive scenarios: urban, industrial, and semirural background. Diagnostic ratios and factor analysis were initially applied to point out the most probable sources. In a second step, the areal distribution of the identified sources was studied by applying the discriminant analysis on factor scores. Third, samples collected in days with similar atmospheric circulation patterns were grouped using a cluster analysis on wind data. Local contributions to PM 2.5 and PAHs were then assessed by interpreting cluster results with chemical data.Results Results evidenced that significantly lower levels of PM 2.5 and PAHs were found when faster winds changed air masses, whereas in presence of scarce ventilation, locally emitted pollutants were trapped and concentrations increased. This way, an estimation of pollutant loads due to local sources can be derived from data collected in days with similar wind patterns. Long-range contributions were detected by a cluster analysis on the air mass back-trajectories. Results revealed that PM 2.5 concentrations were relatively high when air masses had passed over the Po Valley. However, external sources do not significantly contribute to the PAHs load. Conclusions The proposed procedure can be applied to other environments with minor modifications, and the obtained information can be useful to design local and national air pollution control strategies.

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Section: Source Identification (Factor Analysis)mentioning

confidence: 90%

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

Masiol

Centanni

Hofer

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Previous stack emission measurements were reported in several studies (e.g. Petzold et al, 2008;Moldanová et al, 2009).…”

Section: Stena Hollandica On-board Stack Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Partially this can be caused by the fact that also SO 3 and sulphuric acid are formed by the combustion of sulphur containing fuels. During emission studies this has been found to account for between 1 and 8 % of the total sulphur content (Moldanová et al, 2009;Agrawal et al, 2008;Lack et al, 2009;Alföldy et al, 2013). During the SIRENAS-R campaign 7 % of the measured sulphur was present as particle sulphate (Alföldy et al, 2013) and consequently it cannot fully explain the observed difference.…”

Section: Stena Hollandicamentioning

confidence: 98%

Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Methods for the determination of ship fuel sulphur content and NO x emission factors based on remote measurements have been compared in the harbour of Rotterdam and compared to direct stack emission measurements on the ferry Stena Hollandica. The methods were selected based on a review of the available literature on ship emission measurements. They were either optical (LIDAR, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), UV camera), combined with model-based estimates of fuel consumption, or based on the so called "sniffer" principle, where SO 2 or NO x emission factors are determined from simultaneous measurement of the increase of CO 2 and SO 2 or NO x concentrations in the plume of the ship compared to the background. The measurements were performed from stations at land, from a boat and from a helicopter. Mobile measurement platforms were found to have important advantages compared to the land-based ones because they allow optimizing the sampling conditions and sampling from ships on the open sea. Although optical methods can provide reliable results it was found that at the state of the art level, the "sniffer" approach is the most convenient technique for determining both SO 2 and NO x emission factors remotely. The average random error on the determination of SO 2 emission factors comparing two identical instrumental set-ups was 6 %. However, it was found that apparently minor differences in the instrumental characteristics, such as response time, could cause significant differences between the emission factors determined. Direct stack measurements showed that about 14 % of the fuel sulphur content was not emitted as SO 2 . This was supported by the remote measurements and is in agreement with the results of other field studies.

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“…Kasper et al (2007) found that 1.4% of the sulphur in the fuel was in the form of sulphate in exhaust gas particles. Agrawal et al (2008) showed a sulphate particle formation between 7% and 5% for the same mechanisms during exhaust gas measurements after dilution with air, while Moldanová et al (2009) concluded on 1.3%. Endresen et al (2003) estimated that approximately half of the amount of emitted SO 2 from fuel combustion was deposited mainly by dry deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulphur is chemically bonded to the hydrocarbons of the fuel and during combustion; most suphur is oxidized to SO 2 (MAN B&W Diesel, 1996). Sulphur, which is mostly oxidized to SO 2 during combustion, is a major constituent of the primary particles in the exhaust from gasoline and diesel powered engines from the combustion of fuel (Kasper et al, 2007;Agrawal et al, 2008;Petzold et al, 2008;Moldanová et al, 2009;Popovicheva et al, 2009). Sulphate particles in the exhaust system form during the cooling of the exhausts and a reaction between SO 3 and water, which forms H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Emissions of Sulphur Dioxide From Gasoline and Diesel Consumption in the Southwestern States of Nigeria

Olatunji

Fakinle

Jimoda

et al. 2015

Petroleum Science and Technology

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The contribution of SO 2 emissions from the consumption of petroleum products to Nigerian airshed has been of great concern over the years because of the resulting adverse environmental and health effects. It is in the light of this that air emissions of SO 2 from gasoline and diesel consumed in the Southwestern States of Nigeria were estimated in this study. Lagos state being the highest consumer of gasoline and diesel in Southwestern Nigeria emitted the highest quantity.

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Characterisation of particulate matter and gaseous emissions from a large ship diesel engine

Cited by 356 publications

References 42 publications

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships

Air Emissions of Sulphur Dioxide From Gasoline and Diesel Consumption in the Southwestern States of Nigeria

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Characterisation of particulate matter and gaseous emissions from a large ship diesel engine

Cited by 356 publications

References 42 publications

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from ships

Air Emissions of Sulphur Dioxide From Gasoline and Diesel Consumption in the Southwestern States of Nigeria

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Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships