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This study employed turbidimetric method using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer to determine the total sulfur levels of refined petroleum products in Southwestern Nigeria. The sulfur concentrations in the analyzed fuel samples were 0.0019-0.0178 wt% and 0.027-0.169 wt% for gasoline and diesel, respectively. Sulfur levels in the selected samples were below the Nigerian standard for gasoline and diesel while 89.9% of the samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard. The turbidimetric method showed better performance than the gravimetric method. The results gave insight into the adverse environmental impact the nonuniform quality of fuels imported could pose to the country.

Purpose The introduction of mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria led to the development of base transceiver stations (BTS) across the country. Inadequate power supply from the national grid has led to massive use of diesel-fueled back-up generators (BUGs). The purpose of this paper is to attempt to quantify and inform relevant stakeholders about air quality implications of BTS BUGs. Design/methodology/approach Seven major telecommunication network operators were identified. Emission factor approach was used to estimate the quantity of important air pollutants such as NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, PAH and TVOC that are emitted from the use of the BUGs based on fuel consumption rate and generators’ capacity. Fuel-based emission inventory and emission factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 and National Pollution Inventory were used to estimate pollutants emission from diesel-powered generators used in the BTS sites and amount of diesel consumed. Land distribution and per capita dose of the estimated pollutants load were calculated. Findings The study showed that the deployment of BUGs will lead to increase emissions of these air pollutants. The states that are most affected are Lagos, Kano and Oyo, Katsina and Akwa Ibom states with respective total air pollutants contribution of 9,539.61, 9,445.34, 8,276.46, 7,805.14 and 7,220.70 tonnes/yr. Originality/value This study has estimated pollutant emissions from the use of diesel-fueled BUGs in mobile telecommunications BTS sites in Nigeria. The data obtained could assist in policy making.

The contribution of SO 2 emissions from the consumption of petroleum products to Nigerian airshed has been of great concern over the years because of the resulting adverse environmental and health effects. It is in the light of this that air emissions of SO 2 from gasoline and diesel consumed in the Southwestern States of Nigeria were estimated in this study. Lagos state being the highest consumer of gasoline and diesel in Southwestern Nigeria emitted the highest quantity.

On October 12, 2005, a mysterious fog engulfed some parts of Lagos, the cause of which is yet to be identified. As part of the on-going scientific attempts to identify its cause, this article examines the contribution of anthropogenic combustion processes to oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM 10 ) in Lagos. On the average, predicted emissions are: NO x , 3.43 10 4 ; CO, 1.46 10 6 ; SO 2 , 1.24 10 3 ; and PM 10 , 7.84 10 3 ton/annum. Vehicular emissions from road transportation is an identified major source of criteria air pollutants in the city because combustion of gasoline in buses generated about 32% and 77% of the predicted NO x and CO emissions, respectively. Similarly, significant portions of predicted SO 2 emissions (57%) come from low pour fuel oil (LPFO) combustion. The highest emission of PM 10 from wood fuel combustion, which is 83%, raises some concern due to its potential impact on indoor air quality. Some control measures and identified area of future research in air pollution control in Lagos are suggested.

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