Characterisation of avian adenoviruses associated with inclusion body hepatitis

Abstract

Eleven avian adenoviruses were isolated in monolayer cultures of specific pathogen free chicken kidney cells which were inoculated with suspensions of liver, intestine or bursa obtained from 15 broiler flocks experiencing outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (10 isolates) and from five unaffected flocks (one isolate). Of the 11 isolates obtained, nine were identified by virus neutralisation tests as serotype 8, one as serotype 1 and one as serotype 12. Adeno-associated viruses were only observed in combination with adenoviral particles of the serotype 12 isolate which was derived from a relatively mild outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis. Only the serotype 1 isolate, obtained from the unaffected broiler flock, consistently caused the death of embryos with marked pathological changes. All of the isolates produced basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by clear halos in chicken kidney cell cultures. DNA preparations, obtained from six strains of serotype 8 avian adenovirus (two New Zealand isolates, three Australian isolates and the reference strain HVI) after digestion with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI, gave electrophoretic patterns showing the New Zealand isolates to be similar to one another and to strain HVI, but quite distinct from the Australian isolates.

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreak associated with fowl adenovirus type 8b in broilers

“…Among them, FAdV-8 and 9 are the most commonly detected ones (Christensen and Saifuddin 1989;Saifuddin et al, 1992;Gomis et al, 2006;Ojki} et al, 2008a;Ojki} et al, 2008b) and seem to predominate in some areas (Gomis et al, 2006;Ojki} et al, 2008a).…”

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

“…Later on, various studies aimed to isolate the relevant agent and FAdVs were isolated and typed by different research groups (reviewed by McFerran and Adair, 1977 ). A larger number of IBH outbreaks were reported from Canada (Pettit and Carlson, 1972 ) and Iraq (Al-Sheikhly and Mutalib, 1979 ) based on histological diagnosis until the disease was reported from New Zealand (Saifuddin et al ., 1992 ) and Australia (Erny et al ., 1991 ), predominantly caused by FAdV-8. Single case reports were published until about 10 years ago when the number of outbreaks in geographically different areas worldwide increased substantially (Gomis et al ., 2006 ; Ojkic et al ., 2008 a , 2008 b ; Lim et al ., 2011 ; Nakamura et al ., 2011 ; Steer et al ., 2011 ; Choi et al ., 2012 ; Kaján et al ., 2013 ; Maartens et al ., 2015 ; Zhao et al ., 2015 ; Niczyporuk, 2016 ; Schachner et al ., 2016 ).…”

Isolation and identification of adenoviruses from ostriches (Struthio camelus)

“…Five of the isolates showed a close antigenic relationship to fav serotype 8 ( tr 59) following re analysis. Isolates of this serotype have been detected in domestic poultry in several countries and have also been associated with inclusion body hepatitis and respiratory disease in broiler chickens (McFerran and Adair 1977, Saifuddin and others 1992).…”