Characterisation and deposition studies of engineered lactose crystals with potential for use as a carrier for aerosolised salbutamol sulfate from dry powder inhalers

Effects of Surface Processing of Lactose Carrier Particles on Dry Powder Inhalation Properties of Salbutamol Sulfate

“…Unprocessed lactose (Lac-0) showed a peak characteristic of a-monohydrate lactose at about 2qϭ20, indicating that this lactose is a-monohydrate lactose. 25) Surface-processed lactose showed a pattern similar to that of unprocessed lactose, confirming that all the processed lactose carriers are a-monohydrate lactose. For comparison, the results of powder X-ray diffraction measurement of b-anhydrous lactose are shown in Fig.…”

“…b-Anhydrous lactose had a characteristic endothermic peak due to melting at about 240°C, but none of the lactose carriers in this study showed a peak at 240°C. 25) Figure 4 shows the results of the powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the lactose particles. Unprocessed lactose (Lac-0) showed a peak characteristic of a-monohydrate lactose at about 2qϭ20, indicating that this lactose is a-monohydrate lactose.…”

“…bAnhydrous lactose had a characteristic peak at about 2qϭ10.4, but none of the lactose carriers used in this study showed such a peak. 25) We performed DSC measurement and powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the lactose particles used in this study to evaluate their crystallinity. Under the conditions for the use of the Theta-Composer ® in this study, the crystallinity of lactose did not change after its processing.…”

Effect of Particle Shape on Dry Particle Inhalation: Study of Flowability, Aerosolization, and Deposition Properties

“…Indeed, researchers found that elongated particles exhibit better aerodynamic behavior than spherical particles (7)(8)(9). Elongated or needle-like particles are reported to have longer suspended time in the air and can travel further in the lung airway (9). However, high elongated particles also experience high interception deposition as demonstrated by Balásházy et al (9).…”

“…With a reduced aerodynamic diameter, particles would have a higher possibility of reaching the deep lung as compared with spherical particles. Indeed, researchers found that elongated particles exhibit better aerodynamic behavior than spherical particles (7)(8)(9). Elongated or needle-like particles are reported to have longer suspended time in the air and can travel further in the lung airway (9).…”