Chapter 9. Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual grammars

Osch, Brechje van; Boers, Ivo; Grijzenhout, Janet; Couto, M. Carmen Parafita; Sterken, Bo; Tat, Deniz

doi:10.1075/sibil.63.09van

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Variation at the individual level has been observed by Boers et al (2020) and van Osch et al (2022) , who demonstrate that differences between speakers with respect to gender agreement strategies in code-switching are related to differences in dominance, in terms of proficiency, use and exposure. Similarly, Liceras et al (2008) and Munarriz-Ibarrola et al (2022) report differences in code-switching patterns between groups of bilinguals that seem to be related to the order of acquisition of the languages in the particular bilingual group.…”

Section: Previous Literature On Word Order In Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition to the linguistic variables discussed in the previous section, we were also interested to what extent extra-linguistic variables played a role in determining word order variation. This is 4 Finally, there was an interesting relation between word order and gender in Dutch, which is discussed in van Osch et al (2022). In Dutch, attributive adjectives are inflected for common nouns and uninflected for neuter nouns, but when used predicatively, the adjective is uninflected for both common and neuter gender.…”

Section: Extra-linguistic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…First, as explained above, there was a considerable overlap between the matrix language and the language of the adjective: these two factors overlapped for 96% of the data. In addition, the third variable, insertion type, is partially derived from the other two variables, because if the ML and the language of the adjective do not coincide, this automatically implies that the insertion 3 Some participants used non-standard gender agreement in unilingual Spanish or Dutch utterances, which is discussed in both Boers et al, 2020 andvan Osch et al, 2022. Gender assignment in code-switched nominal constructions is discussed in these publications as well.…”

Section: Linguistic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 Some participants used non-standard gender agreement in unilingual Spanish or Dutch utterances, which is discussed in both Boers et al, 2020 and van Osch et al, 2022 . Gender assignment in code-switched nominal constructions is discussed in these publications as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 Finally, there was an interesting relation between word order and gender in Dutch, which is discussed in van Osch et al (2022) . In Dutch, attributive adjectives are inflected for common nouns and uninflected for neuter nouns, but when used predicatively, the adjective is uninflected for both common and neuter gender.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjective position in the code-switched speech of Spanish and Papiamento heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Individual differences and methodological considerations

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThis study examines adjective-noun order in code-switched constructions by heritage speakers of Spanish and Papiamento in the Netherlands. Given that Dutch differs from Spanish and Papiamento regarding the default position of the adjective, word order in the nominal domain creates a so-called “conflict site” in code-switching. Most accounts of word order patterns in code-switching focus on structural constraints, such as the matrix language or the strength of the EPP feature in Agr. Thus far, studies comparing the two models have not found compelling evidence for either of them.MethodsThe present study takes a more comprehensive approach and considers several linguistic (matrix language, adjective language, and type of insertion) as well as extra-linguistic variables (e.g., age, age of onset, and patterns of exposure and use). Moreover, we compare heritage speakers of two different heritage languages that are linguistically similar (both Spanish and Papiamento exhibit postnominal adjectives), and share the same dominant societal language, but are likely to differ from each other in terms of certain sociolinguistic properties. 21 Spanish and 15 Papiamento heritage speakers (aged 7–54) in the Netherlands carried out a Director-Matcher task, aimed at eliciting nominal constructions containing switches.ResultsThe results show that either the ML or the language of the adjective, or both, are important predictors for word order, although the data cannot disentangle these two factors. Moreover, the type of insertion was found to play a role: word order patterns for noun insertions differed from other types of insertions. In addition, the two groups did not behave similarly: Papiamento speakers were more categorical in their preference for noun-adjective order when inserting Dutch nouns into their heritage language than the Spanish speakers were. Finally, there was a great deal of individual variation, which seemed to be related mostly to the age of the participants: children and teen participants behaved differently from adults.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that both linguistic and extra-linguistic play a role in determining how heritage speakers deal with conflict sites in the nominal domain. Particularly, the findings suggest that, at least for some communities and in some code-switching modes, children may need more time, or more input, too converge on adult-like code-switching norms.

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Section: Previous Literature On Word Order In Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Extra-linguistic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Linguistic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Adjective position in the code-switched speech of Spanish and Papiamento heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Individual differences and methodological considerations

et al. 2023

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Gender in Dutch/Portuguesecodeswitching

Romaneli

Boers

Couto

2021

BJL

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This study focuses on unveiling the strategies involved in gender assignment in codeswitching between two gendered languages: Dutch (common/neuter gender) and Portuguese (masculine/feminine gender). We draw on naturalistic speech (n = 32 speakers), elicited production (n = 35) as well as intuitional data (n = 57) from Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals stemming from three communities in Paraná, Southern Brazil, aiming to disentangle the relative roles of linguistic and extralinguistic factors on gender assignment. In unilingual Dutch, we find that Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals overgeneralize common determiners and adjectives to neuter nouns, similarly to other Dutch bilinguals outside the Netherlands (Clyne 1977; Clyne and Pauwels 2013; Folmer 1991; Giesbers 1997). In codeswitched constructions, however, speakers assign common and masculine gender as defaults, in line with the prediction that speakers of language pairs with no gender values in common prefer gender defaulting in mixed constructions (Klassen 2016). While extralinguistic factors such as age and relative use of the languages shaped unilingual Dutch production, the patterns during codeswitching were conventionalized across the speaker sample.

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Chapter 2. Gender assignment in mixed noun phrases

Bellamy

Couto

2022

Studies in Bilingualism

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Chapter 9. Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual grammars

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Adjective position in the code-switched speech of Spanish and Papiamento heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Individual differences and methodological considerations

Adjective position in the code-switched speech of Spanish and Papiamento heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Individual differences and methodological considerations

Gender in Dutch/Portuguesecodeswitching

Chapter 2. Gender assignment in mixed noun phrases

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