Chapitre 5: La Référence À La Pratique (N. Depraz, F. Varela &amp; P. Vermersch)

Depraz, Natalie; Varela, Francisco J.; Vermersch, Pierre

doi:10.7761/9789731997513_6

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…6). Such patterns of synchrony can be found in various brain rhythms (16) [theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), and gamma (30-70 Hz)], suggesting that DNS should be studied in a wide frequency range.…”

Section: Integration Of First-person Data With Electroencephalogram (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of novel methods derived from psychology, phenomenology (22), and other areas (23) have begun to extract data from subjective experiences. The objective is to pay more meticulous attention to the intimate and direct knowledge that a subject has about his͞her experience and to access this knowledge in a sufficiently controlled manner so that it is compatible with more traditional methods for the collection of neural data.…”

Section: What Is the Status Of First-person Data?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guiding the study of brain dynamics by using first-person data: Synchrony patterns correlate with ongoing conscious states during a simple visual task

Lutz

Lachaux

Martinerie

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Even during well-calibrated cognitive tasks, successive brain responses to repeated identical stimulations are highly variable. The source of this variability is believed to reside mainly in fluctuations of the subject's cognitive ''context'' defined by his͞her attentive state, spontaneous thought process, strategy to carry out the task, and so on . . . As these factors are hard to manipulate precisely, they are usually not controlled, and the variability is discarded by averaging techniques. We combined first-person data and the analysis of neural processes to reduce such noise. We presented the subjects with a three-dimensional illusion and recorded their electrical brain activity and their own report about their cognitive context. Trials were clustered according to these first-person data, and separate dynamical analyses were conducted for each cluster. We found that (i) characteristic patterns of endogenous synchrony appeared in frontal electrodes before stimulation. These patterns depended on the degree of preparation and the immediacy of perception as verbally reported. (ii) These patterns were stable for several recordings. (iii) Preparatory states modulate both the behavioral performance and the evoked and induced synchronous patterns that follow. (iv) These results indicated that first-person data can be used to detect and interpret neural processes. FrameworkW hen a subject is stimulated during an experiment, his͞her brain is not idle or in a state of suspension but is engaged in cognitive activity. The brain response is derived from the active interaction between this cognitive background and the stimulation that disturbs it: the neural response is ''shaped'' by the ongoing activity (refs. 1-5; see ref. 6 for review). As this ongoing state has not been carefully monitored, most of the brain response is not understood: successive exposure to the same stimulus elicits highly variable responses, and this variability is treated as unintelligible noise (6). Although it is common to control, at least indirectly, for some of the factors that condition this ongoing state, such as attention, vigilance, or motivation (for reviews, see refs. 7 and 8), the ongoing activity has not yet been analyzed systematically. One strategy would be to precisely describe the ongoing cognitive activity by obtaining refined verbal reports from human subjects. These should reveal subtle changes in the subject's experience (conditioned, for instance, by his͞her cognitive strategy, attention level, and inner speech). This type of qualitative first-person data is usually omitted from brain-imaging studies. We show that if methodological precautions are taken when gathering first-person data, they can indeed be used to shed light on cognition via a joint analysis with quantitative measures of neural activity. Collection of First-Person Data: Phenomenological Clusters (PhCs).It is not easy to collect reports about inner experience, because verbal reports can be biased or untrue (9). The definition of a precise and rigorous method to c...

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Section: Integration Of First-person Data With Electroencephalogram (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is the Status Of First-person Data?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guiding the study of brain dynamics by using first-person data: Synchrony patterns correlate with ongoing conscious states during a simple visual task

Lutz

Lachaux

Martinerie

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

387

244

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“…On this base, for Merleau‐Ponty, metaphors are genuine expressions of lived experiences. As metaphorical expressions are experiential, metaphors and imaginations are embodying affective, kinaesthetic and transformative processes (Depraz et al , 2003, p. 158).…”

Section: Merleau‐ponty: Metaphors As Gestures Of Speech Expressing and Inter‐mediating Meaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied transformative metaphors and narratives in organisational life‐worlds of change

Küpers¹

2013

Journal of Organizational Change Management

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how a phenomenological approach can help to understand embodied dimensions and compare different and shared qualities, functions and potential, as well as ambivalences and limitations of metaphors and stories in organisations.Design/methodology/approachBased on a phenomenological understanding and use of multiple discourses, the specific expressive and communicative nature, linkages to meaning, mediation and integration, as well as transformational, innovating and generating potentials of metaphors respectively, narratives are analysed conceptually and discussed. Accordingly similarities and differences, overlapping and conflicting patterns, thus correspondences and rapprochements of both metaphors and narratives are shown and illustrated.FindingsThe critical comparison of various, especially transformative functions, ambivalences and ambiguous uses of metaphorical and narrative sides and practices reveals their inherently dynamic inter‐relational nexus. The analysis shows how metaphors and stories/narratives can serve each other, as well as how they work together and contribute for transformation in organizations. In turn, this also offers new potential for understanding the practical opportunities and obstacles to the management of change.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in that besides using multiple discourse, it follows an advanced Merleau‐Pontyian phenomenological approach and thus considers embodied dimensions of metaphors and stories/narratives and its implication for organizations critically. Working out the intriguing relationship between metaphor and narrative offers significant new insight and avenues for the research of organizational inertia and change.

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“…However, it should be stressed that ‘ Husserl’s turn toward experience and the “things themselves” was entirely theoretical, or, to make the point the other way around, it completely lacked any pragmatic dimension ’ (Varela et al, 1991, p. 19). Depraz et al (2003) strengthened the ties between (Husserlian) phenomenology and enaction (given the reciprocal contributions between them), going beyond a purely philosophical use of phenomenology. In their book, the authors ‘ seek the sources and means for a disciplined practical approach to exploring human experience ’ (Depraz et al, 2003, p. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The notion of practice was introduced to the international cognitive science literature around the enaction paradigm and through the lens of phenomenology in the book On Becoming Aware: A Pragmatics of Experiencing (Depraz et al, 2003). Phenomenology philosophy (as represented by a selection of authors: Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Dreyfus, in chronological order) was an essential component or background in the early stages of enaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Introduction to the special issue on the course-of-experience framework

Poizat

2023

Adaptive Behavior

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Chapitre 5: La Référence À La Pratique (N. Depraz, F. Varela & P. Vermersch)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Guiding the study of brain dynamics by using first-person data: Synchrony patterns correlate with ongoing conscious states during a simple visual task

Guiding the study of brain dynamics by using first-person data: Synchrony patterns correlate with ongoing conscious states during a simple visual task

Embodied transformative metaphors and narratives in organisational life‐worlds of change

Editorial: Introduction to the special issue on the course-of-experience framework

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