Chaotic Image Encryption: State-of-the-Art, Ecosystem, and Future Roadmap

Zolfaghari, Behrouz; Koshiba, Takeshi

doi:10.3390/asi5030057

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 266 publications

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“…In addition to the previous comparisons, there are other comparisons between references [ 50 , 51 ]. For the proposed work for the time correlation coefficient measures in [ 50 ], the time range is 8–78 s for images of size 128 × 128 pixels, while, for the proposed work, the time range is 0.5–11 s for images of different sizes bigger than 128 × 128).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Ali

Akif

Jassim

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Background and Aim: due to the rapid growth of data communication and multimedia system applications, security becomes a critical issue in the communication and storage of images. This study aims to improve encryption and decryption for various types of images by decreasing time consumption and strengthening security. Methodology: An algorithm is proposed for encrypting images based on the Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares CAST block cipher algorithm with 3D and 2D logistic maps. A chaotic function that increases the randomness in the encrypted data and images, thereby breaking the relation sequence through the encryption procedure, is introduced. The time is decreased by using three secure and private S-Boxes rather than using six S-Boxes, as in the traditional method. Moreover, the CAST encryption algorithm was modified to be used on the private keys and substitution stage (S-Boxes), with the keys and S-Boxes of the encryption algorithm being generated according to the 2D and 3D chaotic map functions. The proposed system passed all evaluation criteria, including (MSE, PSNR, EQ, MD, SC, NC, AD, SNR, SIM, MAE, Time, CC, Entropy, and histograms). Results: Moreover, the results also illustrate that the created S-Boxes passed all evaluation criteria; compared with the results of the traditional method that was used in creating S-Box, the proposed method achieved better results than other methods used in the other works. The proposed solution improves the entropy which is between (7.991–7.999), reduces the processing time which is between (0.5–11 s/Images), and improves NCPR, which is between (0.991–1). Conclusions: The proposed solution focuses on reducing the total processing time for encryption and decryption and improving transmission security. Finally, this solution provides a fast security system for surgical telepresence with secure real-time communication. The complexity of this work needs to know the S-Box creation method used, the chaotic method, the values of the chaotic parameters, and which of these methods was used in the encryption process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Ali

Akif

Jassim

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In real-time secure image transmission systems, chaotic system is a well-known method deployed for encryption [20]. The starting settings and system parameters are extremely important in these systems.…”

Section: Chaotic Baker Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hybrid Fusion-Based Technique for Securing Medical Images

Abdallah

Ateya

2022

Electronics

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The security of images has gained great interest in modern communication systems. This is due to the massive critical applications that are based on images. Medical imaging is at the top of these applications. However, the rising number of heterogenous attacks push toward the development of securing algorithms and methods for imaging systems. To this end, this work considers developing a novel authentication, intellectual property protection, ownership, and security technique for imaging systems, mainly for medical imaging. The developed algorithm includes two security modules for safeguarding various picture kinds. The first unit is accomplished by applying watermarking authentication in the frequency domain. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed for the host image’s discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. The singular values (S) are divided into 64 × 64 non-overlapping blocks, followed by embedding the watermark in each block to be robust to any attack. The second unit is made up of two encryption layers to provide double-layer security to the watermarked image. The double random phase encryption (DRPE) and chaotic encryption have been tested and examined in the encryption unit. The suggested approach is resistant to common image processing attacks, including rotation, cropping, and adding Gaussian noise, according to the findings of the experiments. The encryption of watermarked images in the spatial and DCT domains and fused watermarked images in the DCT domain are all discussed. The transparency and security of the method are assessed using various measurements. The proposed approach achieves high-quality reconstructed watermarks and high security by using encryption to images and achieves robustness against any obstructive attacks. The developed hybrid algorithm recovers the watermark even in the presence of an attack with a correlation near 0.8.

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“…There are two forms of encryption: there are two types (Symmetric key and Asymmetric key algorithm). There are many reasons to use encryption: Reliability refers to the fact that the cipher text can be recovered and that the recovered data is identical to the plaintext; the encryption mechanism will keep the information hidden, which is security [19,20]. The SHIFT function is used to shift the elements of a vector or array in a circular fashion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image pixels are randomly reconfigured in chaotic image encryption. The Cat map, the Line map, and the Baker map are all examples of chaotic maps that can be utilized for picture encryption [20,22]. The Cat map performs a geometric transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Watermarking and Encryption Techniques for Securing Medical Images

Alhussan¹,

Abdallah²,

Alsodairi³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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Securing medical data while transmission on the network is required because it is sensitive and life-dependent data. Many methods are used for protection, such as Steganography, Digital Signature, Cryptography, and Watermarking. This paper introduces a novel robust algorithm that combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) digital image-watermarking algorithms. The host image is decomposed using a two-dimensional DWT (2D-DWT) to approximate low-frequency sub-bands in the embedding process. Then the sub-band low-high (LH) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. The resulting sub-band low-high (LH 1 ) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. Two frequency bands, high-high (HH 2 ) and high-low (HL 2 ), are transformed by DCT, and then the SVD is applied to the DCT coefficients. The strongest modified singular values (SVs) vary very little for most attacks, which is an important property of SVD watermarking. The two watermark images are encrypted using two layers of encryption, circular and chaotic encryption techniques, to increase security. The first encrypted watermark is embedded in the S component of the DCT components of the HL2 coefficients. The second encrypted watermark is embedded in the S component of the DCT components of the HH 2 coefficients. The suggested technique has been tested against various attacks and proven to provide excellent stability and imperceptibility results.

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Chaotic Image Encryption: State-of-the-Art, Ecosystem, and Future Roadmap

Cited by 31 publications

References 266 publications

Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Novel Hybrid Fusion-Based Technique for Securing Medical Images

Hybrid Watermarking and Encryption Techniques for Securing Medical Images

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