This paper investigates the dynamics of a 3D plasma system that has a single symmetric double-wing attractor moving around symmetric equilibria. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that changing the space between these wings can degenerate them. Motivated by this concept, we introduce a new controller on the plasma system that can shift its equilibria away from each other, and subsequently break the symmetric double-wing that resembles a butterfly into several independent chaotic attractors. To show the advantage of generating coexisting attractors, we compare between the complexity performance of the multi-stable controlled plasma system and the original plasma system that has single chaotic attractor. Simulation results show that the complexity performance of the multi-stable controlled plasma system is higher than the original system. As a result, and from cryptographic point of view, chaotic ciphers with applying more than one set of initial conditions provide a higher level of security than applying only one set of initial conditions. As an example, we present a new approach for generating S-box based on the multistability behavior of the controlled plasma system. Performance analysis shows that the proposed S-box algorithm can achieve a higher security level and has a better performance than some of the latest algorithms.INDEX TERMS Equilibria, stability, coexisting attractors, fuzzy entropy, chaos-based cryptography.ALAA KADHIM FARHAN received the bachelor's degree in computer science, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in information security from the

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Background: Augmented reality (AR) is gaining attention in medicine because of the convenience and innovation that it brings to operating rooms. Furthermore, oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), which is one of sensitive and narrow spatial surgery, requires high accuracy in image registration and low processing time of the system. However, the current systems are suffering from image registration problems while matching two different posture images. We thus aimed to increase that overlay accuracy and decrease the processing time.Methodology: The proposed system consists of an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, which is the combination of a rotation invariant and Manhattan error metric, to provide the best initial parameters and to decrease the computational cost by sorting high and low processing pixel images, respectively. Result:The study on maxillary and mandibular jaw bone demonstrates that the proposed work overlay accuracy ranges from 0.22 to 0.30 mm, and processing time ranges from 10 to 14 frames per second as opposed to the 0.23-to 0.35-mm overlay accuracy and the current 8 to 12 frames per second processing time.Conclusion: This research aimed to improve the visualization and fast AR system for the OMS. Thus, the proposed system achieved an improvement in overlay accuracy and processing time by implementing the Rotation Invariant and Manhattan error metric ICP algorithm. K E Y W O R D S augmented reality, image registration, Iterative Closest Point, jaw surgery, rotation invariant, Tracking Learning Detection 1 | INTRODUCTION Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) is related to the defects and diseases that occur in the teeth, face, jaw, and head. 1 Drilling, cutting, resection, fixing, adjusting and implantation are some of the actions that are performed during surgery. 2 Traditional OMS is guided by CT scans to identify the nerve channels and root canals preoperatively.However, the CT scan data-based preoperative plan is inadequate for the correct visualization of hidden structures owing to the fact that it requires surgeons to imagine the identified nerve channels and root canals during surgery. To solve this problem, 2D monitors were introduced and are now situated in operating rooms to visualize the surgical area. As a result, it increased the surgeon's accurate visualization and decreased their workload during surgery; however, the surgeons are still required to look at the monitor to acquire the information relating to the surgical area. These monitors are incapable of showing

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