Changing epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil: a disease of the urban–rural interface

Oliveira, Carlos C.G.; Lacerda, Hênio Godeiro; Martins, Daniella Regina Arantes; Barbosa, James D.; Monteiro, Gloria Regina de Góis; Queiroz, José W.; Sousa, Jacira Maria Andrade de; Ximenes, M.F.F.M.; Jerônimo, Selma M. B.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.11.011

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, two clusters were found through scan statistic analysis of cases in women: one in the northeastern part of the city (OR = 2.76) and the other in the eastern part (OR = 2.26) ( Figure 5 ; clusters 9 and 10). Scan statistic analysis of the entire study population detected four isolated clusters, three with a radius equal to zero, and two with ORs > 3 (southern and northeastern areas) ( Figure 5 ; clusters [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high OR values for the clusters corresponding to pediatric cases located in the southern and eastern areas of the city might be related to increases in periurban reservoirs as a source of parasites and their overlap with vector distribution in borders having transitional landscape of urban-rural or urbanresidual vegetation ( Figure 5 ). 22,43 The association between ACL prevalence and the basic unstatisfied needs index could be related to peripheral location of settlements with impoverished populations, in which geographic proximity to vector exposure is higher. Among those neighborhoods with clusters with radius = 0, these results indicate that those neighborhoods are entities with particular physical, cultural, and/or socioeconomic characteristics that pose a significant risk for infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 However, an important number of cases of ACL in children and women have been observed in different areas of South America. 11,[19][20][21][22][23] Particularly in Salta, domiciliary and peridomiciliary exposure to the vector appears to be a common event among affected patients in these demographic groups. 24 A high rate of ACL cases among women and children has been proposed as an indicator of domiciliary and peridomiciliary transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

Gil¹,

Nasser²,

Cajal³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We used kernel density and scan statistics to examine the spatial distribution of cases of pediatric and adult American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an urban disease-endemic area in Salta Province, Argentina. Spatial analysis was used for the whole population and stratified by women > 14 years of age (n = 159), men > 14 years of age (n = 667), and children < 15 years of age (n = 213). Although kernel density for adults encompassed nearly the entire city, distribution in children was most prevalent in the peripheral areas of the city. Scan statistic analysis for adult males, adult females, and children found 11, 2, and 8 clusters, respectively. Clusters for children had the highest odds ratios (P < 0.05) and were located in proximity of plantations and secondary vegetation. The data from this study provide further evidence of the potential urban transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Argentina.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

Gil¹,

Nasser²,

Cajal³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[9][10][11][12] Current and high-quality information on CL in children is needed to effectively address the unmet therapeutic needs of this vulnerable population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombian Children: Considerations for Local Treatment

Blanco¹,

Cossio²,

Martinez³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Treatment alternatives have seldom been evaluated in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). We examine the clinical/epidemiological profile of children with CL considering international guidelines for local treatment. Descriptive analyses were conducted using International Center for Medical Research and Training (CIDEIM) case reports of parasitologically diagnosed patients 14 years of age from 2004 to 2010. Eligibility for local treatment based on World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) criteria was determined. Among 380 children, 90% presented lesions of 3 months duration, 54% presented single lesions 30 mm in diameter, and 45% were 5 years old. Lesions on the head and neck were more frequent among children 0-5 years, and lesions below the head/neck were more frequent among 11-to 14-year-old children (P = 0.004). Using PAHO and WHO criteria, 26% and 53% of children, respectively, were eligible for local treatment. Recommended local treatments for New World CL have potential but limited applicability in children. Individual risk-benefit assessment and effectiveness data in children may increase eligibility.

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“…22 Specifically, Kapan et al 7 have hypothesized that risk increases as contact with formerly dispersed farm environments that include potentially infected poultry and swine populations come into close contact with ever-denser human populations living in periurban regions. Such urban-rural interfaces have been hotspots of other infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis, 15 and it is even believed that similar wild population/human interfaces are the origins of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Expanding fronts of human settlement, intensified agriculture, conversion of land use from rural to urban/industrial, and societal/cultural changes from government stability to family structure 13 can increase the risk of such emerging infectious diseases.…”

Section: Avian Influenza In Vietnammentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urban Health Transition Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence of an Avian Influenza Kuznets Curve in Vietnam?

Spencer

2012

J Urban Health

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The literature on development has focused on the concept of transition in understanding the emergent challenges facing poor but rapidly developing countries. Scholars have focused extensively on the health and urban transitions associated with this change and, in particular, its use for understanding emerging infectious diseases. However, few have developed explicit empirical measures to quantify the extent to which a transitions focus is useful for theory, policy, and practice. Using open source data on avian influenza in 2004 and 2005 and the Vietnam Census of Population and Housing, this paper introduces the Kuznets curve as a tool for empirically estimating transition and disease. Findings suggest that the Kuznets curve is a viable tool for empirically assessing the role of transitional dynamics in the emergence of new infectious diseases.

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Changing epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil: a disease of the urban–rural interface

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

Clinical and Epidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombian Children: Considerations for Local Treatment

The Urban Health Transition Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence of an Avian Influenza Kuznets Curve in Vietnam?

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