Clinical and Epidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombian Children: Considerations for Local Treatment

Blanco, V. M.; Cossio, Alexandra; Martinez, Javier D.; Saravia, Nancy Gore

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0784

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Skin ulcers were frequently located in head and neck regions of the body and less frequently in hands and feet. Similar findings have been recorded in other studies [11,37]. The wounds mainly affected exposed areas of the body which are commonly bitten by the sand-fly.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasissupporting

confidence: 91%

Burden and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

et al. 2020

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Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease known to cause significant morbidity among the poor. We investigated a suspected outbreak to determine the magnitude of cases, characterize the cases and identify risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil, a peri-urban settlement in Central Kenya. Methods Hospital records for the period 2010-2016 were reviewed and additional cases were identified through active case search. Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made based on presence of ulcerative, nodular or papular skin lesion. The study enrolled 58 cases matched by age and neighbourhood to 116 controls in a case control study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and simple proportions, means and medians were computed, and logistic regression models were constructed for analysis of individual, indoor and outdoor risk factors. Results Of the 255 suspected cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis identified, females constituted 56% (142/255) and the median age was 7 years (IQR 7-21). Cases occurred in clusters and up to 43% of cases originated from Gitare (73/255) and Kambi-Turkana (36/255) villages. A continuous transmission pattern was depicted throughout the period under review. Individual risk factors included staying outside the residence in the evening after sunset (OR 4.1, CI 1.2-16.2) and visiting forests (OR 4.56, CI 2.04-10.22). Sharing residence with a case (OR 14.4, CI 3.8-79.3), residing in a thatched house (OR 7.9, CI 1.9-45.7) and cracked walls (OR 2.3, CI 1.0-4.9) were identified among indoor factors while sighting rock hyraxes near residence (OR 5.3, CI 2.2-12.7), residing near a forest (OR 7.8, CI 2.8-26.4

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Section: Risk Factors Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasissupporting

confidence: 91%

Burden and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

et al. 2020

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“…Other lesion locations were hands and feet. Similar findings have been recorded in other studies (9,33). The wounds mainly affected exposed areas of the body which are commonly bitten by the sand-fly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

Ngere

Gofu

Isack

et al. 2019

Preprint

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14 Background 15 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a protozoan and 16 transmitted by sand-fly bite. Following reports of a possible outbreak of cutaneous 17 leishmaniasis in 2016, we conducted a review of hospital records and a follow up case control 18 study to determine the magnitude of the disease, characterize the cases and identify factors 19 associated with the disease in Gilgil, a peri-urban settlement in Central Kenya. 20 Methods 21 We reviewed hospital records, conducted active case search in the community and carried out 22 a case-control study. Medical officers in the study team made clinical diagnosis of cutaneous 23 leishmaniasis cases based on presence of a typical skin ulcer. We enrolled 58 cases matched by 24 age and residence to 116 controls in a case control study. We administered structured 25 questionnaires and recorded environmental observations around homes of cases and controls. 26 Simple proportions, means and medians were calculated for categorical data and continuous 27 data respectively. Logistic regression models were constructed for individual, indoor and 28 outdoor factors associated with the outbreak. 29 Results 30 We identified 255 suspected cases and one death; Females constituted 56% (142/255), 31 median age of the cases was 7 years (IQR 14). Cases were clustered around Gitare (28.6%, 32 73/255) and Kambi-Turkana (14%, 36/255) with seasonal peaks between June-November. 33 Among individual factors, staying outside the residence in the evening after sunset (OR 4.1, CI 34 1.2-16.2) and occupation involving visiting forests (OR 4.56, CI 2.04-10.22) had significant 35 associations with disease. Sharing residence with a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient (OR 14.4, 36 CI 3.8-79.3), a house with alternative roofing materials (OR 7.9, CI 1.9-45.7) and residing in a 3 37 house with cracked walls (OR 2.3, CI 1.0-4.9) were significant among indoor factors while 38 sighting rock hyraxes near residence (OR 5.3, CI 2.2-12.7), residing near a forest (OR 7.8, CI 2.8-39 26.4) and living close to a neighbour with cutaneous leishmaniasis (OR 6.8, CI 2.8-16.0) had 40 increased likelihood of disease. Having a cultivated crop farm surrounding the residence (OR41 0.1, CI 0.0-0.4) was protective. 42 Conclusions/Significance 43 This study reveals the large burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil. There is strong 44 evidence for both indoor and outdoor patterns of disease transmission. Occupations and 45 activities that involve visiting forests or residing near forests and sharing a house or 46 neighbourhood with a person with CL were identified as significant exposures of the disease. 47 The role of environmental factors and wild mammals in disease transmission should be 48 investigated further 49 Key Words: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Kenya, forests 50 Word Count: 389 Words 51 Author summary 52 Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by a protozoa (Leishmania) and affects humans 53 and other mammals following the bite of an infected sand-fly. Cutaneous form of the diseas...

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“…Nevertheless, no identification of the parasite was done. Many other studies have explored the clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different foci in the world such as West China, Iran, Burkina Faso, Colombia, and Middle Eastern countries [11,[28][29][30][31] . In Tunisia, Masmoudi et al [32] have studied the different clinical aspects of CL in some zoonotic CL foci of the Centre and the South of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b>

Remadi

Haouas²,

Chaara³

et al. 2016

Dermatology

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Background/Aims: The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on the microscopic detection of amastigote, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of Leishmania DNA. Nevertheless, since these techniques are time consuming and not usually available in many endemic countries, the diagnosis remains clinical. Consequently, such disease may be overlooked because of its similarity to other skin diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical polymorphism of CL caused by Leishmaniamajor.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 166 patients. Diagnoses were made by both microscopic examination of stained tissue-scraping smears and PCR. The Leishmania species was identified by restriction enzyme analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region. The clinical polymorphism was analyzed only for patients with a positive diagnosis for CL and L. major as the identified species. Results and Conclusion: Of the 166 patients, 75 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Twelve different types of CL caused by L. major were defined. The most common type was the ulcero-crusted form followed by the papulonodular form and the impetigenous form. The ulcerated, mucocutaneous, lupoid, and sporotricoid forms were less common. The eczematiform, erysipeloid, verrucous, psoriasiform, and pseudotumoral types were represented by a single case. Zoonotic CL caused by L. major can simulate many other skin diseases, which may lead to a significant spread of this disease and increases in morbidity and drug resistance. This large polymorphism may be the result of a complex association between the genetics of the parasite and the immune response of the host.

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Clinical and Epidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombian Children: Considerations for Local Treatment

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Burden and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

Burden and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

Cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016

Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b>

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