Changes of Microbial Population in the Rumen of Dairy Steers as Influenced by Plant Containing Tannins and Saponins and Roughage to Concentrate Ratio

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate microbial population in the rumen of dairy steers as influenced by supplementing with dietary condensed tannins and saponins and different roughage to concentrate ratios. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers (Bos indicus) were used in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. The main factors were two roughage to concentrate ratios (R:C, 60:40 and 40:60) and two supplementations of rain tree pod meal (RPM) (0 and 60 g/kg of total DM intake). Chopped 30 g/kg urea treated rice straw was used as a roughage source. All animals received feed according to respective R:C ratios at 25 g/kg body weight. The RPM contained crude tannins and saponins at 84 and 143 g/kg of DM, respectively. It was found that ruminal pH decreased while ruminal temperature increased by a higher concentrate ratio (R:C 40:60) (p<0.05). In contrast, total bacterial, Ruminococus albus and viable proteolytic bacteria were not affected by dietary supplementation. Numbers of fungi, cellulolytic bacteria, Fibrobactor succinogenes and Ruminococus flavefaciens were higher while amylolytic bacteria was lower when steers were fed at 400 g/kg of concentrate. The population of Fibrobactor succinogenes, was found to be higher with RPM supplementation. In addition, the use of real-time PCR technique indicated that the population of protozoa and methanogens were decreased (p<0.05) with supplementation of RPM and with an increasing concentrate ratio. Supplementation of RPM and feeding different concentrate ratios resulted in changing the rumen microbes especially, when the animals were fed at 600 g/kg of concentrate and supplemented with RPM which significantly reduced the protozoa and methanogens population.

Variability in microbial population and fermentation traits at various sites within the forestomach and along the digestive tract as assessed in goats fed either grass or browse

“…The fibrolytic species selected have been widely used as model organisms to study ruminal cellulose digestion. They seem to be representative for the properties and characteristics of the rumen cellulolytic population (Russell et al, 2009) although they comprise only a small part of the total rumen bacteria population (< 1 %; Anantasook et al, 2013;present study). The functional properties of the remaining fibredegrading bacteria species in the rumen and the hindgut are less well known.…”

“…Saro et al, 2012;Anantasook et al, 2013). The quantitative influence of different forage types on the abundance of the microbial populations is less well known and has been mainly shown in mixed forage-based diets (Kong et al, 2010, Saro et al, 2012.…”

Mesquite Extract as Phytogenic Additive to Improve the Nutrition of Sheep

“…With this, the number of bacteria becomes greater, as the predation by protists, especially ciliates, also decreases; consequently, the feed degradation in the rumen becomes more efficient, due to the existence of a larger number of bacteria acting directly on the feed consumed (Bodas et al, 2012). García-González, González, and López (2010) and Anantasook, Wanapat, Cherdthong, and Gunun (2013) reported that the increase of Gram-negative bacteria improves the fermentation of nutrients in the rumen, consequently causing an increase in the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter.…”

Research System [IKRS] for Treatment of Bloat and its Significance towards Greenhouse Gas Emission: Jharkhand, India

“…This is due to the fact of maintaining desired amount at rumen-reticulum in specified period for to overcome foaming (Reid, 1958). Supplementation of rain tree pod meal and different concentrate ration had decreased pH, protozoa and methanogens among dairy steers (Anantasook et al, 2013). Studies by refer that rumen pH of less than 6.2 have effect on microbial synthesis and cellulose digestion.…”

“…The use of trace elements like Zinc and copper for performance enhancement resulted in impairment of plant production, accumulation in animal products, water supply chain and antimicrobial resistance (Brugger and Windisch, 2015). Reducing methane emission by enhancing feed digestibility through rumen microbial ecosystem is pertinent (Anantasook et al, 2013). Evidences to initiate further experiments to understand role of indigenous system in reducing GHG were shared (Ravikumar et al, 2015c).…”