Changes in trophic flow structure of Independence Bay (Peru) over an ENSO cycle

Taylor, Marc H; Wolff, Matthias; Mendo, Jaime; Yamashiro, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.006

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…During the 1997/1998 El Niño event, Independence Bay (14ºS, Peru) showed a 10ºC increase in sea surface temperature (SST), high oxygen concentrations, and diminished phytoplankton concentrations. Many benthic species were affected, e.g., macroalgae, portunid crabs, and polychaetes, whereas others benefited, e.g., scallop, sea stars, and sea urchins, particularly A. purpuratus, whose biomass increased 50-fold (Taylor et al 2008). Castilla and Camus (1992) also showed declining shellfish landings in northern Chile after the 1982/1983 El Niño, in concurrence with high exploitation levels of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas and the kelp Lessonia nigrescens.…”

Section: Shellfisheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Variability on Latin American Small-scale Fisheries

Defeo¹,

Castrejón²,

Ortega³

et al. 2013

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are social-ecological systems that play a critical role in terms of food security and poverty alleviation in Latin America. These fisheries are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and climatic drivers acting at multiple scales. We review the effects of climate variability on Latin American SSFs, and discuss the combined effects of two additional human drivers: globalization of markets and governance. We show drastic long-term and large-scale effects of climate variability, e.g., sea surface temperature anomalies, wind intensity, sea level, and climatic indices, on SSFs. These variables, acting in concert with economic drivers, have exacerbated stock depletion rates in Latin American SSFs. The impact of these drivers varied according to the life cycle and latitudinal distribution of the target species, the characteristics of the oceanographic systems, and the inherent features of the social systems. Our review highlights the urgent need to improve management and governance systems to promote resilience as a way to cope with the increasing uncertainty about the impacts of climate and globalization of markets on Latin American SSFs.RESUMEN. Las pesquerías artesanales son sistemas sociales-ecológicos que desempeñan un papel clave en términos de seguridad alimentaria y la mitigación de la pobreza en América Latina. Estas pesquerías se encuentran cada vez más amenazadas por las presiones antropogénicas y climáticas que actúan a múltiples escalas temporales y espaciales. En este trabajo se ha evaluado la relación entre la variabilidad climática y los recursos pesqueros como una aproximación para comprender los posibles efectos a corto y largo plazo del cambio climático sobre las pesquerías artesanales en América Latina, teniendo en cuenta el efecto combinado de dos factores de estrés humanos adicionales: la globalización de los mercados y la gobernanza. En base al análisis cuantitativo de las extensas bases de datos utilizadas y empleando el enfoque de casos de estudio, este trabajo demuestra que se están produciendo efectos dramáticos a largo plazo y a gran escala de la variabilidad climática, que actuando de manera concertada con factores bioeconómicos, han exacerbado las tasas de depleción de los stocks en América Latina. En particular, hemos identificado dos principales factores del cambio global: (1) la variabilidad del clima a través de las anomalías de temperatura superficial del mar, de la intensidad del viento, del incremento del nivel del mar y del uso de índices climáticos, y (2) el aumento en los precios unitarios en las pesquerías artesanales que se encuentran altamente integradas en el mercado mundial de productos de la pesca. Los resultados también indican que el impacto de estos factores varía según el ciclo de vida y la distribución latitudinal de las especies objetivo, las características intrínsecas de los sistemas oceanográficos y las particularidades inherentes de los sistemas sociales. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad urgente de desar...

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Section: Shellfisheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Variability on Latin American Small-scale Fisheries

Defeo¹,

Castrejón²,

Ortega³

et al. 2013

E&S

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show abstract

“…It seems, however, that this value increase can be explained by the very strong reduction in exports (catches) and primary production, which largely reduces the overall throughput and thus inflates FCI. Taylor et al (2008b) found a similar increase in FCI in the Independencia ecosystem (Peru) during the El Niño state, but showed that FCI decreased below the reference level, when the phytoplankton reduction effect was considered. The lower relative ascendency obtained for the El Niño state can mainly be attributed to the reduction in overall throughput (T ) and, possibly to a lesser extent, to the changes in the diet matrix/flow structure of the model.…”

Section: System Characteristics Of Normal and El Niño Statesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Following the method of Taylor et al (2008a), we thus adjusted the diet proportions to reflect predatory groups' consumption habits as well as the available production of prey groups. Moreover, an increased base percentage of detritus feeding (10%) was assumed for most benthic feeders, which is proximate to values given in Ortiz & Wolff (2002) and Taylor et al (2008b) for benthic compartments in a Chilean and Peruvian bay system, respectively. The P/B and Q/B values for the functional compartments were maintained due to lack of information about these values during El Niño.…”

Section: Comparing the Reference Model And The El Niño State Model Ofmentioning

confidence: 85%

El Niño induced changes to the Bolivar Channel ecosystem (Galapagos): comparing model simulations with historical biomass time series

Wolff¹,

Ruiz²,

Taylor³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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During a strong El Niño event, nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations around the Galapagos archipelago greatly decrease, while sea surface temperature increases (> 7°C). Several species suffer under these conditions, while some benefit and new species appear. To understand the mechanisms behind observed changes, a trophic reference model of the Bolivar Channel ecosystem was forced by a 16 yr (1994 to 2009) satellite-derived time series of phytoplankton biomass including the El Niño period 1997/98. Emergent changes in model compartment biomasses, as derived from dynamic simulations, were compared to in situ observations of the subtidal communities and marine vertebrates over the study period. Observed population reductions of seabirds (penguins and flightless cormorants) and of several fish groups were well predicted by the simulations, suggesting that bottom-up effects largely control the system during an El Niño event. Observational data also enabled modifying the reference model to an El Niño state model. In this El Niño model, ecosystem size (total energy throughput) was reduced by 70.1%. Overall system characteristics show great similarities with other coastal upwelling systems of the Peruvian coast in that strong El Niño events cause disruptions to trophic flows and keep them at a low (but highly productive) development state.

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“…ENOS cambia las condiciones ambientales como la concentración de masas de agua, intensidad de afloramiento, y temperatura (Swartzman et al 2008, Su et al 2011. Los cambios ambientales impactan en los recursos pesqueros y a los pescadores en 2 periodos de tiempo distintos ya sea; 1) cambiando la distribución vertical y horizontal de recursos a corto plazo; y por tanto, modificando la disponibilidad de recursos pesqueros, a los que a partir de ahora nombraremos como 'disponibilidad'; y/o, 2) cambiando la reproducción, reclutamiento, y biomasa de una especie en el largo plazo (Pauly & Tsukayama 1987, Ñiquen & Bouchon 2004, Taylor et al 2008, o abundancia. Por ejemplo, El Niño 1997-1998 produjo una gran abundancia de concha de abanico, Argopecten purpuratus, en Pisco, Perú, gracias a la mayor actividad reproductiva debido a las temperaturas elevadas (Wolff et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El departamento de Ica, Perú (Fig. 1), representa una zona de pesca artesanal importante con la segunda mayor población de pescadores del país (INEI & PRODUCE 2012), habiéndose reportado ya los efectos de ENOS sobre sus recursos y pesquerías (Wolff et al 2007, Taylor et al 2008. Con el objetivo de analizar los cambios producidos en la pesquería artesanal ocasionados por ENOS, se seleccionaron 5 especies de importancia comercial para la pesca artesanal en Ica entre 2004 y 2013, debido a los mayores desembarques registrados en el periodo de estudio, cuya relación con este evento natural no está claramente definida (Tabla 1).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influencia de El Niño Oscilación del Sur en la disponibilidad y abundancia de recursos hidrobiológicos de la pesca artesanal en Ica, Perú

Adams¹,

Flores

2016

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Changes in trophic flow structure of Independence Bay (Peru) over an ENSO cycle

Cited by 58 publications

References 44 publications

Impacts of Climate Variability on Latin American Small-scale Fisheries

Impacts of Climate Variability on Latin American Small-scale Fisheries

El Niño induced changes to the Bolivar Channel ecosystem (Galapagos): comparing model simulations with historical biomass time series

Influencia de El Niño Oscilación del Sur en la disponibilidad y abundancia de recursos hidrobiológicos de la pesca artesanal en Ica, Perú

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