Changes in the surface of bone and acid-etched and sandblasted implants following implantation and removal

Despite the success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis presents as the most common complication in implant dentistry. This review discusses various factors associated with peri-implantitis and various available treatments, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Relevant articles on peri-implantitis published in English were reviewed from August 2010 to April 2020 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The identified risk indicators of peri-implant diseases are plaque, smoking, history of periodontitis, surface roughness, residual cement, emergence angle >30 degrees, radiation therapy, keratinized tissue width, and function time of the implant, sex, and diabetes. Peri-implantitis treatments can be divided into nonsurgical (mechanical, antiseptic, and antibiotics), surface decontamination (chemical and laser), and surgical (air powder abrasive, resective, and regenerative). However, mechanical debridement alone may fail to eliminate the causative bacteria, and this treatment should be combined with other treatments (antiseptics and surgical treatment). Surface decontamination using chemical agents may be used as an adjuvant treatment; however, the definitive clinical benefit is yet not proven. Laser treatment may result in a short-term decrease in periodontal pocket depth, while air powder abrasive is effective in cleaning a previously contaminated implant surface. Surgical elimination of a pocket, bone recontouring and plaque control are also effective for treating peri-implantitis. The current evidence indicates that regenerative approaches to treat peri-implant defects are unpredictable.

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“…89 If implant removal is necessary, then the second implantation should be performed with a larger diameter implant. 90…”

Section: Regenerative Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-implantitis Update: Risk Indicators, Diagnosis, and Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Even though surface roughness seems to favor peri-implant bone healing in different ways, many authors have revealed that the insertion of a rough fixture leads to a greater titanium wear than in smooth surfaces [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The real effects of metal and surface contaminant release during the osseointegration process are not yet fully understood, even if they are reported as a possible disturbing factor in the process of bone remodeling balance [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Titanium Dental Implant Micro-Morphology

et al. 2019

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Background: Titanium dental implants are today widely used with osseointegration mainly dependently on the implant surface properties. Different processing routes lead to different surface characteristics resulting, of course, in different in situ behaviors of the implants. Materials: The effect of different treatments, whether mechanical or chemical, on the surface morphology of titanium implants were investigated. To this aim, various experimental methods, including roughness analysis as well scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, were applied. Results: The results showed that, in contrast to the mechanical treatments, the chemical ones gave rise to a more irregular surface. SEM observations suggested that where commercial pure titanium was used, the chemical treatments provided implant surfaces without contaminations. In contrast, sandblasted implants could cause potential risks of surface contamination because of the presence of blasting particles remnants. Conclusions: The examined implant surfaces showed different roughness levels in relation to the superficial treatment applied. The acid-etched surfaces were characterized by the presence of deeper valleys and higher peaks than the sandblasted surfaces. For this reason, acid-etched surfaces can be more easily damaged by the stress produced by the peri-implant bone during surgical implant placement.

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“…Additionally, Petterson et al showed that titanium particles generate a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, activating the cascade NLPR3 inflammasone caspade-1 and the release of mature IL-1ß [23]. Their cytotoxic effect varied considerably in relation to the dose, size, and geometry [44,45]. Nanoparticles were described as more biologically reactive and more potentially harmful than microparticles because of their greater surface-to-volume ratio [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Implant Surface Roughness and Macro- and Micro-Structural Composition on Wear and Metal Particles Released

et al. 2021

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Background: Considerations about implant surface wear and metal particles released during implant placement have been reported. However, little is known about implant surface macro- and microstructural components, which can influence these events. The aim of this research was to investigate accurately the surface morphology and chemical composition of commercially available dental implants, by means of multivariate and multidimensional statistical analysis, in order to predict their effect on wear onset and particle release during implant placement. Methods: The implant surface characterization (roughness, texture) was carried out through Confocal Microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis; the quantitative surface quality variables (amplitude and hybrid roughness parameters) were statistically analyzed through post hoc Bonferroni’s test for pair comparisons. Results: The parameters used by discriminant analysis evidenced several differences in terms of implant surface roughness between the examined fixtures. In relation to the observed surface quality, some of the investigated implants showed the presence of residuals due to the industrial surface treatments. Conclusions: Many structural components of the dental implant surface can influence the wear onset and particles released during the implant placement.

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Changes in the surface of bone and acid-etched and sandblasted implants following implantation and removal

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Peri-implantitis Update: Risk Indicators, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Peri-implantitis Update: Risk Indicators, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Titanium Dental Implant Micro-Morphology

Effect of Implant Surface Roughness and Macro- and Micro-Structural Composition on Wear and Metal Particles Released

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