Effect of Implant Surface Roughness and Macro- and Micro-Structural Composition on Wear and Metal Particles Released

Abstract

Background: Considerations about implant surface wear and metal particles released during implant placement have been reported. However, little is known about implant surface macro- and microstructural components, which can influence these events. The aim of this research was to investigate accurately the surface morphology and chemical composition of commercially available dental implants, by means of multivariate and multidimensional statistical analysis, in order to predict their effect on wear onset and particle release during implant placement. Methods: The implant surface characterization (roughness, texture) was carried out through Confocal Microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis; the quantitative surface quality variables (amplitude and hybrid roughness parameters) were statistically analyzed through post hoc Bonferroni’s test for pair comparisons. Results: The parameters used by discriminant analysis evidenced several differences in terms of implant surface roughness between the examined fixtures. In relation to the observed surface quality, some of the investigated implants showed the presence of residuals due to the industrial surface treatments. Conclusions: Many structural components of the dental implant surface can influence the wear onset and particles released during the implant placement.

Host inflammatory response and clinical parameters around implants in a rat model using systemic alendronate and zoledronate acid drug administrations

“…When macrophages phagocytose these nanoparticles, they release many pro-inflammatory and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-6, to promote osteoclastogenesis 46 . Wear is not expected directly after insertion but low product quality may be a reason for particle release after implant insertion 47 , 48 . If released particles affect implant performance is not clear yet.…”

Considering the Value of 3D Cultures for Enhancing the Understanding of Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis on Titanium Dental Implants

“…Therefore, research in the field has centered mainly on various techniques that affect the surface topography of implants, such as changing the surface texture of the implant. The surface modification techniques used to increase microroughness can be obtained by acid etching, sandblasting, heat treatments, anodic oxidation, and the combination of any of these treatments [7][8][9][10]. Indeed, the macro-and micro-topography of oral implants dramatically affect their stability and duration [7][8][9].…”

“…On the downside, the impact of titanium dental implants on cells varies significantly because of the different surface textures and coatings [5,6,10,[19][20][21][22][23]. Nevertheless, several previous studies examining the effects of coating and surface roughness on whole-body titanium dental implants established the approach's feasibility by demonstrating a significant advantage from testing stem cells in 3D in terms of adhesion and differentiation [24,25].…”

Benefits of Residual Aluminum Oxide for Sand Blasting Titanium Dental Implants: Osseointegration and Bactericidal Effects

“…Other techniques have been used to roughen the surfaces of dental implants, one of the most recent being thermal spray processing (TPS), which is sometimes combined with sand blasting and etching-acid treatments. This treatment produces roughness between 1.5 to 2 μm, which favors osseointegration [ 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the sand blasting produces a compressive residual stress on the surface, which produces an increase in the mechanical properties, especially in the fatigue life [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The projection at a high pressure of abrasives produces an important increase in the compressive residual stress on the surface.…”