The implant surface may be colonized with pathogens different from periodontal bacteria. Opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans may be associated with implant failure.
Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) allows assess implant stability by measuring implant oscillation frequency on the bone. RFA is an objective and non-invasive method for implant stability measurement, although scarce evidence has been provided so far on its reliability. Objectives: Assess the Osstell ISQ system’s reliability (i.e., its measurement reproducibility and repeatability) by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as statistical method. Study Desing: Implants stability registers were completed by means of Osstell ISQ on 85 implants on 23 patients. Six measurements were completed on each implant by means of two different SmartPegs (types I and II); that is, three consecutive measurements with each transducer. Results: Average ISQ was 72.40, 72.22 and 72.79, and 72.06, 72.59 and 72.82 in the first, second, and third measurements with SmartPegs I and II, respectively. Equal values or differences below three ISQ points were observed in 52.9% and 62.4% of the cases with SmartPegs I and II, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 for both SmartPegs, and repeatability and reproducibility also reached 0.97 for both SmartPegs. Conclusions: The RFA system Osstell ISQ presents almost perfect repeatability and reproducibility after intraclass correlation coefficient analysis. Osstell ISQ measurements are highly reliable regarding reproducibility. Therefore, one measurement proves enough. Key words:Dental implants, RFA, ISQ, implant stability, Osstell.
Rough implant surfaces have shown improved osseointegration rates. In a majority of dental implants, the microrough surfaces are obtained by grit blasting and/or acid-etching. The aim of this contribution was to evaluate the effects of acid-etching, after the grit-blasted treatment in titanium dental implants, on surface wettability, surface energy, osteoblast responses and its osseointegration behavior. Four surfaces were studied: as-machined, acid-etched, micro-rough by grit-blasting and the combination grit-blasted surface with acid-etched. The surfaces with increasing roughness show more osteoblastic adhered cells. This effect was most pronounced on samples blasted and blasted with acid-etching. The roughness obtained by grit-blasting is the main factor in comparison with the acid etching treatment in the biological response. These results were confirmed in vivo tests and histological analysis. The results demonstrated that the combination of the grit-blasted and acid-etched accelerated lightly bone regeneration at the different periods of implantation in comparison with the grit-blasted implants.
Microgap between implant and abutment can produce biological and mechanical problems such as peri-implantitis and/or fatigue failures. The aim of this study was to evaluate microgap size and fatigue behavior of external and internal connections. In both systems the torque to tighten the abutment screw of single crown abutments was 45 Ncm. Fifty implants for each connection type were studied. One subgroup (n = 5) was used by the observation and evaluation of the microgap, other (n = 5) was tested for fracture strength and the other (n = 40) was subjected to dynamic loading. The internal connection presents a lower microgap than the external ones. From fatigue results, the external hexagon interface showed superior result compared to the internal hexagon interfaces. The tolerances in the internal connections are better and favour the fatigue behavior but this factor alone is not sufficient to improve the fatigue response in relation to the external connections when the screw is subjected at the same torque. The external system presents a higher value of the area than the internal and it produces a better load distribution. Microgaps and mechanical properties are very important for the long-term behavior of the dental implants and these aspects should be known by the implantologists.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital dental impressions with the accuracy of impressions obtained via conventional techniques. Methods: Two different master models were created, one with parallel implants (model 1) and the other with non-parallel implants (model 2). These reference master models included 4 Klockner KL RP implants (Klockner Implant System SA, Barcelona, Spain), which were juxta-placed and equidistant in the intermentoneal region. In model 1 the implants were placed parallel to each other, whereas in model 2 the implants were placed such that there was a divergence angle of 15° between the more distal implants, and a convergence angle of 15° between the two central implants. A total of four types of impressions were obtained from model 1 (four groups, n = 10 each), including closed tray impressions with replacement abutments; open tray impression groups for dragging copings, without splinting; open tray impressions for ferrules; and impressions obtained using the 3MTM True Definition Scanner system. For model 2 three groups were created (three groups, n = 10 each), including closed tray impressions with replacement abutments; open tray impression for dragging copings, without splinting; and impressions obtained using the 3MTM True Definition Scanner system. The master models and the models obtained using conventional methods were digitalized in order to compare them via an extraoral high-resolution scanner (Imetric IScan D104i, Porretruy, Switzerland). The STL (Stereo Lithography (format for transferring 3 dimensional shape information)) digital values were loaded into reverse-engineering software and superimposed with their respective STL master models in order to evaluate deviations in three dimensions. We then analyzed the squares of the deviations in the three axes and evaluated the median and the sum of the deviation square. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. The normality of the distributions was analyzed according to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The median comparison was performed using the differences between the medians, analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: For model 1, the deviations of the digital impressions were smaller than those associated with the conventional techniques. The sum value in group D was 1,068,292, which was significantly lower than those of groups A, B, and C, which were shown to be 2,114,342, 2,165,491, and 1,265,918, respectively. This improvement was not observed when using model 2, however, where the conventional techniques yielded similar results. Group F simultaneously presented the lowest total square sum of the three deviations (1,257,835), indicating a significantly higher accuracy for this group in model 2, while the sum values were 1,660,975 and 1,489,328 for groups E and G, respectively. Conclusion: Digital impressions of full-arch models were abl...
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