Changes in Cognitive Function and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly in China: 2005–2014

Zhang, Qilin; Wu, Yichu; Han, Tiankuo; Liu, Erpeng

doi:10.3390/ijerph16162847

Cited by 154 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…We also observed the higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in elder participants, validating that the trends of risk go up with increasing age among both men and women [29,30]. With regard to the effect of education levels, our study supported that individuals with lower attained education suffered more prevalence of cognitive impairment [31,32]. In terms of living status, we found the occurrence of cognitive impairment might be aggravated by living alone [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…With regard to the effect of education levels, our study supported that individuals with lower attained education suffered more prevalence of cognitive impairment [31,32]. In terms of living status, we found the occurrence of cognitive impairment might be aggravated by living alone [31]. Interestingly, it is found that people lived in smaller house (measured by the per-capita living space) were exposed to higher risk of cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Interestingly, it is found that people lived in smaller house (measured by the per-capita living space) were exposed to higher risk of cognitive impairment. As is known, living space is related to economic condition or income of residents, which is one of important determinants of cognitive impairment [31,33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and suboptimal health status in a northern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Ding¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and suboptimal health status in a northern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Ding¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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“…The more scores respondents obtained in b-and I-ADL assessment, the higher ADL dependence they would be and required more external care from family members or nursing staff. Previous study also reported that BADL and IADL can be considered as independent indicators for predicting functional disability among the elderly with a good validity [28][29][30]. Meanwhile, Spector et al argued that a multidimensional structure in ADL measurement could more effectively target on older people needs more hours of care, and combining BADL and IADL was feasibility and validity [31].…”

Section: Assessment Of Badl/iadlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) subgroups and Health impairment among Chinese elderly:A Latent Profile Analysis

Zhang

Xiong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Disability in aged people became one of the major challenges in China due to the acceleration of population aging, yet appropriate methods are limited to discriminate the degree of combined basic activity of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL).The present study explored an empirical typology of the activity of daily living (ADL) and its association with health status among the elderly in China. Methods Data throughout the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) was retrieved and Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify the subgroups of ADL for included elderly subjects. Multinomial regression was performed to detect the effect of identified characteristics with class subgroups, and restricted cubic spine was drawn to show the relationship between ADL disability with age and BMI. Results The overall participants (n = 8108) were divided into three ADL classes by LPA - ‘no BADL limitation- IADL impairment’ (Class one, n = 1526, 19%), ‘no BADL limitation-no IADL limitation’ (Class two, n = 6062, 75%) and ‘BADL impairment- IADL impairment’ (Class three, n = 520, 6%). Compared with the participants in Class two, the oldest-old, living without spouse, lacking exercise and social activity, having experience of falls, having comorbidity of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, decreased cognitive function, depression symptom were highly associated with BADL/IADL difficulties in Class one and Class three,. Additionally, malnutrition and asthma were associated with combined ADL/IADL impairment (Class three), and illiteracy only was associated with IADL impairment (Class one). Furthermore, a significant U-shape relation was detected between age and BMI with ADL disability. The elderly with IADL impairment was less likely to evolve combined BADL/IADL impairment aged at 80–90, and the elderly with underweight or obese may have higher risk of combined BADL/IADL impairment. Conclusion A novel ADL assessment was explored using LPA, by which elderly people could be defined as three distinct classes of combined ADL/IADL. The predictors identified in the ADL classes could enlighten targeted intervention to address the onset of functional disability and consequent problems with the elderly.

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“…Multimorbidity, which is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual, is widely observed beyond two-thirds of older adults [8,9]. Many patient-based studies suggested that older adults with at least two diseases were more susceptible to develop cognitive impairment [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The hypothesis that multimorbidity may increase the risk of cognitive impairment has also been verified in population-based researches [10][11][12]14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy attributed to the combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older

Xiong

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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21Objectives: This study aims to estimate the losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) due to the 22 joint effect of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity, and further to confirm additional losses 23 attributable to their interaction among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese. 24 Methods: The National Cause of Death Monitoring Data were linked with the China Health and 25 Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A mapping and assigning method was used to estimate 26health utility values, which were further used to calculate QALE. Losses of QALE were measured by 27 comparing the differences between subgroups. And all the losses of QALE were displayed at two levels:28 the individual and the population level. 29Results: At age 45, the individual-level and population-level losses of QALE (95% CI) attributed to the 30 combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity were 7. 606 (5.679, 9.566) years and 4.297 31 (3.425, 5.200) years. The losses (95% CI) for cognitive impairment alone were 3.104 (2.287, 3.954) years 32 and 1.709 (1.318, 2.132) years at two levels. Similarly, the losses (95% CI) for multimorbidity alone 33 were 3.526 (2.528, 4.556) years and 1.914 (1.235, 2.625) years at two levels. Additional losses due to34 their interaction were indicated by the 0.976 years of the individual-level gap and 0.674 years of the 35 population-level gap.36 Conclusion: Among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese, cognitive impairment and multimorbidity 37 resulted in much losses of QALE, and additional QALE losses were seen due to their interaction at both 38 individual and population levels.39 40 3 Introduction 41 Age-associated cognitive impairment is a transition link between healthy aging and dementia with 42 the 10% conversion rate, featuring declines in memory, attention, and cognitive function [1]. At the end 43 of 2019, the population aged 65 and above in China accounted for 176.0 million [2]. And a large-sample, 44multi-region study showed that the prevalence (95% CI) of total dementia for the population aged 65 45 years and older in China was 5.60% (3.50%, 7.60%) in 2019 [3]. Moreover, mild cognitive impairment 46 (MCI) is estimated >4 times more common than dementia [1, 4]. 47Meanwhile, age-dependent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are proved to experience a 48 continuous increase among the elders in the near decades [5]. Nearly 50% of the NCD burden in China 49 occurred in people aged 65 years and older [6], while 47.5% of the elderly aged 65+ had ≥ 2 chronic 50 conditions [7]. Multimorbidity, which is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in 51 an individual, is widely observed beyond two-thirds of older adults [8, 9]. Many patient-based studies 52 suggested that older adults with at least two diseases were more susceptible to develop cognitive 53 impairment [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The hypothesis that multimorbidity may increase the risk of cognitive impairment 54 has also been verified in population-based researches [10][11][12] 14]. 55Despite the documented ris...

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Changes in Cognitive Function and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly in China: 2005–2014

Cited by 154 publications

References 59 publications

Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and suboptimal health status in a northern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and suboptimal health status in a northern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) subgroups and Health impairment among Chinese elderly:A Latent Profile Analysis

Estimation of losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy attributed to the combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older

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