Change in Peripheral Refraction over Time in Singapore Chinese Children

Sng, Chelvin C. A.; Lin, Xiaokun; Gazzard, Gus; Chang, Benjamin; Dirani, Mohamed; Lim, Laurence Shen; Prabakaran, S.; Ian, Kit; Drobe, Björn; Wong, Tien‐Yin; Saw, Seang‐Mei

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7290

Cited by 102 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3,5,7,36,37 The variability of the peripheral refraction measurements from the mean in the present study appear to be similar to those reported in previous literature. 23,24,38 A marked reduction (of the order of 0.2 D) in relative peripheral refraction in the nasal retina was found following the baseline visit. The cause of such change is unclear, but it could have perhaps been due to changes in the corneal curvature following contact lens wear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…They found that relative peripheral refraction does not have a consistent effect on the risk of myopia onset. Sng et al 24 studied peripheral refraction up to 308 eccentricity in the nasal and the temporal retina at 158 intervals in 187 children. They showed that baseline peripheral refractive error was not predictive of myopia development/progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Peripheral Refractive Changes Associated with Myopia Progression

Radhakrishnan

Allen

Calver

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE.To evaluate the changes in peripheral refraction profiles associated with myopia progression and treatment modalities used in the Cambridge Anti-Myopia Study. METHODS.One hundred and seventy-seven myopes in the age range of 14 to 22 years were enrolled in the study. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was À3.12 6 1.87 diopters (D) and the refractive error of each participant was corrected with contact lenses. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, which included: altered spherical aberration and vision training, altered spherical aberration only, vision training only, and control. Peripheral refractive error was measured using an open field autorefractor in the central 608 of the retina in 108 steps. The refractive error was measured using cycloplegic autorefraction. Two-year refractive progression data and initial peripheral refraction measurements were available in 113 participants. Measurements of peripheral refraction and cycloplegic refraction were obtained at three visits over 2 years in 12-month intervals for 92 participants.RESULTS. All subjects showed a relative peripheral hyperopia, especially in the nasal retina. A limited magnitude of myopia progression of À0.34 6 0.36 D over 2 years was found in each of the four groups on average. There were no significant differences in the rate of progression between any of the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Initial peripheral J45 astigmatic refractive error at 208 and 308 in the nasal retina was weakly correlated with progression of myopia over 2 years (r ¼À0.27, P ¼ 0.004 and r ¼À0.20, P ¼ 0.040, respectively; n ¼ 113). The change in spherical equivalent peripheral refractive error at 308 nasal retina over time was also significantly correlated with progression of myopia especially at 24 months (r ¼À0.24, P ¼ 0.017, n ¼ 92). CONCLUSIONS.Relative peripheral hyperopia is associated with myopia. Myopia progression may be weakly linked to changes in the peripheral refraction profiles in the nasal retina.However, a causative link between peripheral refractive error and myopia progression could not be established. (Invest

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Refractive Changes Associated with Myopia Progression

Radhakrishnan

Allen

Calver

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study showed that baseline peripheral refraction did not predict the subsequent onset of myopia or influence myopia progression. 82 …”

Section: Peripheral Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Pan

Ramamurthy

Saw

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

Self Cite

713

569

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Myopia, the most common type of refractive error, is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. However, the exact aetiology of myopia is still unclear. Purpose: To summarize the worldwide patterns and trends for the prevalence of myopia and to evaluate the risk factors for myopia in population-based studies. Recent findings: The prevalences of myopia vary across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In population-based studies on children, the prevalence of myopia has been reported to be higher in urban areas and Chinese ethnicity. The regional and racial difference is not so obvious in adult populations aged over 40 years. More time spent on near work, less time outdoors, higher educational level and parental history of myopia have been reported to increase the risk of myopia. Conclusions: Environmental factors play a crucial role in myopia development. The effect of gene-environment interaction on the aetiology of myopia is still controversial with inconsistent findings in different studies. A relatively hyperopic periphery can stimulate compensating eye growth in the centre. Longitudinal cohort studies or randomized clinical trials of community-based health behaviour interventions should be conducted to further clarify the aetiology of myopia.

show abstract

“…28 Mutti et al 29 found that relative peripheral hyperopia measured at 308 nasal visual field in 9-year-old children had little consistent influence on risk of myopia onset within the following 5 years. Sng et al 30 conducted a longitudinal study of peripheral refraction in 187 7-year-old Singaporean Chinese children. A group of emmetropic children who did not become myopic had peripheral myopia at both a baseline visit and at a follow-up visit approximately 15 months later, whereas the group of emmetropic children who became myopic also had peripheral myopia at baseline, but by follow-up had developed relative peripheral hyperopia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following on from Sng et al 30 and Lee and Cho, 31 we investigate this further with a large scale longitudinal study of peripheral refraction in Chinese children. The hypothesis to be tested is that relative peripheral hyperopia predicts myopia development and progression in children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Peripheral Hyperopia Does Not Predict Development and Progression of Myopia in Children

Atchison

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE.To test the hypothesis that relative peripheral hyperopia predicts development and progression of myopia. METHODS.Refraction along the horizontal visual field was measured under cycloplegia at visual field angles of 08, 6158, and 6308 at baseline, 1 and 2 years in over 1700 initially 7-year-old Chinese children, and at baseline and 1 year in over 1000 initially 14-year olds. One refraction classification for central refraction was ''nonmyopia, myopia'' (nM, M), consisting of nM greater than À0.50 diopters (D; spherical equivalent) and M less than or equal to À0.50 D. A second classification was ''hyperopia, emmetropia, low myopia, and moderate/high myopia'' (H, E, LM, MM) with H greater than or equal to þ1.00 D, E, À0.49 to þ0.99 D, LM, À2.99 to À0.50 D, and MM less than or equal to À3.00 D. Subclassifications were made on the basis of development and progression of myopia over the 2 years. Changes in central refraction over time were determined for different groups, and relative peripheral refraction over time was compared between different subgroups. RESULTS.Simple linear regression of central refraction as a function of relative peripheral refraction did not predict myopia progression as relative peripheral refraction became more hyperopic: relative peripheral hyperopia and relative peripheral myopia predicted significant myopia progression for 0% and 35% of group/visual field angle combinations, respectively. Subgroups who developed myopia did not have more initial relative peripheral hyperopia than subgroups who did not develop myopia.CONCLUSIONS. Relative peripheral hyperopia does not predict development nor progression of myopia in children. This calls into question the efficacy of treatments that aim to slow progression of myopia in children by ''treating'' relative peripheral hyperopia.

show abstract

Change in Peripheral Refraction over Time in Singapore Chinese Children

Cited by 102 publications

References 39 publications

Peripheral Refractive Changes Associated with Myopia Progression

Peripheral Refractive Changes Associated with Myopia Progression

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Relative Peripheral Hyperopia Does Not Predict Development and Progression of Myopia in Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About