Peripheral Refractive Changes Associated with Myopia Progression

Abstract

PURPOSE.To evaluate the changes in peripheral refraction profiles associated with myopia progression and treatment modalities used in the Cambridge Anti-Myopia Study. METHODS.One hundred and seventy-seven myopes in the age range of 14 to 22 years were enrolled in the study. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was À3.12 6 1.87 diopters (D) and the refractive error of each participant was corrected with contact lenses. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, which included: altered spherical aberration and vision training, altered spherical aberration only, vision training only, and control. Peripheral refractive error was measured using an open field autorefractor in the central 608 of the retina in 108 steps. The refractive error was measured using cycloplegic autorefraction. Two-year refractive progression data and initial peripheral refraction measurements were available in 113 participants. Measurements of peripheral refraction and cycloplegic refraction were obtained at three visits over 2 years in 12-month intervals for 92 participants.RESULTS. All subjects showed a relative peripheral hyperopia, especially in the nasal retina. A limited magnitude of myopia progression of À0.34 6 0.36 D over 2 years was found in each of the four groups on average. There were no significant differences in the rate of progression between any of the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Initial peripheral J45 astigmatic refractive error at 208 and 308 in the nasal retina was weakly correlated with progression of myopia over 2 years (r ¼À0.27, P ¼ 0.004 and r ¼À0.20, P ¼ 0.040, respectively; n ¼ 113). The change in spherical equivalent peripheral refractive error at 308 nasal retina over time was also significantly correlated with progression of myopia especially at 24 months (r ¼À0.24, P ¼ 0.017, n ¼ 92). CONCLUSIONS.Relative peripheral hyperopia is associated with myopia. Myopia progression may be weakly linked to changes in the peripheral refraction profiles in the nasal retina.However, a causative link between peripheral refractive error and myopia progression could not be established. (Invest

The Cambridge Anti-Myopia Study

“…53,54 No difference between peripheral refraction profiles were found between treatment groups in an increased CAMS cohort including subjects with negative spherical Facility rates at distance and near for vision training (VT) treatment and control groups, over the duration of the trial (one VT control subject had missing facility rate data at the 24-month visit) Distance aberration at baseline, 55 suggesting that peripheral defocus was not a factor in progression differences seen between treatment groups in this study.…”

Peripheral refraction in 7- and 14-year-old children in central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study

“…Peripheral oblique astigmatism J 45 was much smaller than peripheral regular astigmatism J 180 along the horizontal and vertical fields, and was linearly related to peripheral angle 12. Radhakrishnan et al 13 reported that initial J 45 astigmatism at 20° and 30° in the temporal field was significantly correlated with myopia progression over 2 years. These findings indicate that peripheral astigmatism may play a role in refractive development.…”

Power profiles of single vision and multifocal soft contact lenses

“…Mutti et al, amongst others [4][5][6], also demonstrated that there is an association between myopia in children and relative peripheral hyperopia [7].…”