Relative Peripheral Hyperopia Does Not Predict Development and Progression of Myopia in Children

Atchison, David A.; Li, Shiming; He, Lin; Li, Si-Yuan; Liu, Luo-Ru; Kang, Meng-Tian; Meng, Bo; Sun, Yu; Zhan, Siyan; Mitchell, Paul; Wang, Ke

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17200

Cited by 103 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hoogerheide et al once suggested that relative peripheral hypermetropia is a risk factor for myopia development, but this conclusion was made without considering the change in ocular shape with ocular growth . More recent studies show that relative peripheral hypermetropia is most likely a consequence of myopia and not its precursor . That is, relative peripheral refraction depends on the degree of myopia .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations

Romashchenko

Rosén²,

Lundström

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Peripheral image quality influences several aspects of human vision. Apart from off‐axis visual functions, the manipulation of peripheral optical errors is widely used in myopia control interventions. This, together with recent technological advancements enabling the measurement of peripheral errors, has inspired many studies concerning off‐axis optical aberrations. However, direct comparison between these studies is often not straightforward. To enable between‐study comparisons and to summarise the current state of knowledge, this review presents population data analysed using a consistent approach from 16 studies on peripheral ocular optical quality (in total over 2,400 eyes). The presented data include refractive errors and higher order monochromatic aberrations expressed as Zernike co‐efficients (reported in a subset of the studies) over the horizontal visual field. Additionally, modulation transfer functions, describing the monochromatic image quality, are calculated using individual wavefront data from three studies. The analysed data show that optical errors increase with increasing eccentricity as expected from theoretical modelling. Compared to emmetropes, myopes tend to have more hypermetropic relative peripheral refraction over the horizontal field and worse image quality in the near‐periphery of the nasal visual field. The modulation transfer functions depend considerably on pupil shape (for angles larger than 30°) and to some extent, the number of Zernike terms included. Moreover, modulation transfer functions calculated from the average Zernike co‐efficients of a cohort are artificially inflated compared to the average of individual modulation transfer functions from the same cohort. The data collated in this review are important for the design of ocular corrections and the development and assessment of optical eye models.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 More recent studies show that relative peripheral hypermetropia is most likely a consequence of myopia and not its precursor. 58,59 That is, relative peripheral refraction depends on the degree of myopia. 43 This is also observed in the available raw data for 62 myopic subjects 45,48 (Figure 6).…”

Section: Retinal Image Quality and Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations

Romashchenko

Rosén²,

Lundström

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although various anti‐myopia strategies have been designed to counteract the peripheral hyperopic defocus that are also effective in controlling myopia progression, there is now growing evidence based on the longitudinal studies conducted in Caucasian and Chinese populations indicating that peripheral hyperopic defocus may not predict the development or the progression of myopia . These recent findings suggest there is a complex interaction between peripheral hyperopic defocus and myopia, and there may be a combination of optical factors that influence ocular growth associated with peripheral blur.…”

Section: Peripheral Defocusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models

Chakraborty

Ostrin

Benavente-Perez

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our current understanding of emmetropisation and myopia development has evolved from decades of work in various animal models, including chicks, non‐human primates, tree shrews, guinea pigs, and mice. Extensive research on optical, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms contributing to refractive error development in animal models has provided insights into eye growth in humans. Importantly, animal models have taught us that eye growth is locally controlled within the eye, and can be influenced by the visual environment. This review will focus on information gained from animal studies regarding the role of optical mechanisms in guiding eye growth, and how these investigations have inspired studies in humans. We will first discuss how researchers came to understand that emmetropisation is guided by visual feedback, and how this can be manipulated by form‐deprivation and lens‐induced defocus to induce refractive errors in animal models. We will then discuss various aspects of accommodation that have been implicated in refractive error development, including accommodative microfluctuations and accommodative lag. Next, the impact of higher order aberrations and peripheral defocus will be discussed. Lastly, recent evidence suggesting that the spectral and temporal properties of light influence eye growth, and how this might be leveraged to treat myopia in children, will be presented. Taken together, these findings from animal models have significantly advanced our knowledge about the optical mechanisms contributing to eye growth in humans, and will continue to contribute to the development of novel and effective treatment options for slowing myopia progression in children.

show abstract

“…11, 12 Longitudinal studies have evaluated whether the amount of hyperopic RPR of the uncorrected eye is associated with either myopia onset or progression, and these studies have not found a meaningful association. 13–15 It is important to note that RPR (measurements of the uncorrected eye) does not completely describe what the eye experiences when wearing correction. Single vision minus-power spectacle lenses typically used to correct myopia increase peripheral hyperopic defocus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Moore¹,

Benoit²,

Berntsen

2017

Optom Vis Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Peripheral retinal defocus has been implicated in myopia progression. The effect of commercially-available spherical soft contact lenses (SCLs) on peripheral defocus of adult myopic eyes was investigated. Methods Twenty-five young adults with spherical equivalent (SE) refractions between −0.50 D and −6.00 D were enrolled. Cycloplegic autorefraction (right eye) was measured centrally and ±20°, ±30°, and ±40° from the line of sight along the horizontal meridian using an autorefractor. Four commercially-available spherical SCLs (Biofinity, Acuvue2, PureVision2, and Air Optix Night & Day Aqua) were evaluated. SE defocus (M) was used to calculate relative peripheral defocus (RPD) while wearing each SCL and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) of the uncorrected eye. Spherical aberration (SA) changes due to each SCL were measured along the line of sight by aberrometry. Peripheral defocus was analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance (RM-ANOVA). The association between changes in axial SA and the change in peripheral defocus was evaluated using linear mixed models. Results The mean age (±SD) and central SE refractive error were 24.0 ± 1.3 years and −3.45 ± 1.42 D, respectively. PureVision2 did not change RPD (p=0.33). Significant myopic shifts on the temporal retina were found with three lenses: Acuvue 2 (−0.29 D at 30°; −0.80 D at 40°; both p≤0.01), Biofinity (−1.21 D at 40°; p=0.02), and Air Optix Night & Day Aqua (−0.23 D at 20°, −0.48 D at 30°, and −1.50 D at 40°; all p<0.004). All SCLs caused a negative change in SA. SCLs inducing less negative (more positive) SA changes were associated with a less hyperopic change in RPD. Conclusions Spherical SCL design can influence the peripheral defocus profile experienced by a myopic eye. Several, but not all, SCLs reduced peripheral hyperopia. Differences in how SCL types influence peripheral defocus may have implications for myopia progression.

show abstract

Relative Peripheral Hyperopia Does Not Predict Development and Progression of Myopia in Children

Cited by 103 publications

References 36 publications

Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations

Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations

Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models

Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About