CFD–DEM simulation of gas–solid reacting flows in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process

Wu, Changning; Cheng, Yi; Ding, Yulong; Ye, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2009.06.026

Cited by 98 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The realizable k-ε model is adopted for the fluid turbulence model in the simulation conditions of this work. The governing equations for the turbulence kinetic energy, k, and the dissipation rate, ε, are [33] ∂(ρk) ∂t…”

Section: Fluid Dynamics Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Flow and Turbulence Characteristics of Impinging Stream Reactors with Dynamic Inlet Velocity Variation

Liu

Yue²,

et al. 2018

Energies

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Impinging stream technique has been widely used in engineering industries. Insufficient data are available on the effects of dynamic inflow conditions on the flow and turbulence characteristics of an impinging stream reactor. In this study, we investigate and discuss the flow and turbulence characteristics of an impinging stream reactor with dynamic inlet velocity variation, e.g., sinusoidal, parabolic, step or triangular variation. The effects of period, amplitude, phase difference, mean inlet velocity and type of dynamic inlet velocity variation on the motional behaviors of the impinging surface and the mean turbulence kinetic energy (k) of the impingement region are investigated and discussed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at various values of L/D (the ratio of impinging spacing to nozzle diameter). The results show that the impinging surface makes back-and-forth motions in impinging stream reactors with dynamic inlet velocity variation. The mean k of the impingement region during one period is dominated by both the inlet velocity conditions and the geometric configuration. Dynamic inflow conditions bring more turbulence energy and pulsating characteristics to impinging zones over constant inlet velocity for an instantaneously moving impinging surface. Impinging stream reactors with dynamic inlet velocity variation provides more intense turbulence properties over conventional impinging stream reactors at the same mean inlet velocity. This work shows that the impinging streams with dynamic inlet velocity variation has strong potential for future relevant reactors and processes for engineering applications.

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Section: Fluid Dynamics Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Flow and Turbulence Characteristics of Impinging Stream Reactors with Dynamic Inlet Velocity Variation

Liu

Yue²,

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…Because of the added computational expense of tracking individual particles, Eulerian-Lagrangian methods coupled with a chemistry model have only recently been applied in three dimensions (Bruchmüller et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013), but are typically limited to two-dimensional flows with a relatively small number of particles (e.g., Fletcher et al, 2000;Papadikis et al, 2009;Oevermann et al, 2009;Rabinovich et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010). It has been demonstrated in recent work that two-dimensional simulations are only capable of capturing qualitative features of particle clustering in non-reactive flows, while a fully threedimensional description is required to accurately capture the quantitative flow behavior (Capecelatro et al, 2014a;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation and modeling of reacting gas-solid flows in the presence of clusters

Capecelatro

Pepiot

2015

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…In the majority of CFD works related to the FCC reactors [1, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], the hydrodynamic equations are coupled with lump reaction kinetics in order to present a holistic/general view of the reactor/catalytic cracking yields. The "lump" species, as they are called, are groups of different species that exhibit similar behaviour and are used in order to overcome the difficulty that lies in the characterization of the exact components that constitute petroleum fraction liquids and the exact catalytic cracking reactions products.…”

Section: Cracking Path and Liquid-gas Properties For Petroleum Fractimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common assumption which is made [1][2][3][4][5] is that the feed is quickly vaporized after its spraying into the reactor, due to the high temperature of the solid catalyst (higher than the liquid boiling point). In these studies, a 2-phase flow approach is used in order to simulate the mixing/reactions of solid catalysts with gas flowing inside FCC reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of heavy fuel droplet-particle collisions in the injection zone of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking reactor, Part I: Numerical model and 2D simulations

Malgarinos

Νikolopoulos

Gavaises

2017

Fuel Processing Technology

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThe present paper investigates the collisions between heavy gasoil droplets and solid catalytic particles taking place at conditions realized in Fluid Catalytic Cracking reactors (FCC). The computational model utilizes the Navier-Stokes equations along with the energy conservation and transport of species equations. The VOF methodology is used in order to track the liquid-gas interface, while a dynamic local grid refinement technique is adopted, so that high accuracy is achieved with a relative low computational cost. Phase-change phenomena (evaporation of the heavy gasoil droplet), as well as catalytic cracking surface reactions are taken into account. Physical properties of heavy and light molecular weight hydrocarbons are modeled by representative single component species, while a 2-lump scheme is proposed for the catalytic cracking reactions. The numerical model is firstly validated for the case of a single liquid droplet evaporation inside a hot gaseous medium and impingement onto a flat wall for droplet heating and film boiling conditions. Afterwards, it is utilized for the prediction of single droplet-catalyst collisions inside the FCC injection zone. The numerical results indicate that droplets of similar size to the catalytic particles tend to be levitated more easily by hot catalysts, thus resulting in higher cracking reaction rates/cracking product yield, and limited possibility for liquid pore blocking. For larger sized droplets, the corresponding results indicate that the production of cracking products is not favored, while solid-liquid contact increases. Hotter catalysts promote catalytic cracking reactions and droplet levitation over the catalytic particle, owed to the formation of a thin vapour layer between the liquid and the solid particle.

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CFD–DEM simulation of gas–solid reacting flows in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process

Cited by 98 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Flow and Turbulence Characteristics of Impinging Stream Reactors with Dynamic Inlet Velocity Variation

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Flow and Turbulence Characteristics of Impinging Stream Reactors with Dynamic Inlet Velocity Variation

Numerical investigation and modeling of reacting gas-solid flows in the presence of clusters

Numerical investigation of heavy fuel droplet-particle collisions in the injection zone of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking reactor, Part I: Numerical model and 2D simulations

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