“…An oriented liquid or gaseous impinging jet released against a surface provides an effective and flexible way for transferring large amounts of thermal energy or mass between a given surface and the fluid in many practical applications and developing devices [ 1 , 2 ]. Impinging jets are one of the essential components in many industrial processes, such as surface coating, mixing [ 3 ], pollution dispersion, ventilation [ 4 ], drying [ 5 ], wind engineering [ 6 , 7 ], and direct lift propulsion systems in vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft [ 8 ]. The property of enhanced heat transfer between a fluid and an impinged solid target extends the industrial applications of impinging jets to heat treatment; the cooling of materials during forming processes, electronic components [ 9 ], turbine components [ 10 , 11 ], combustion engines, and critical machinery structures; and the heating of optical surfaces for defogging [ 12 , 13 ].…”