Cerium Chloride Reduces Enamel Lesion Initiation and Progression in vitro

Abstract

Aim: Determination of the potential of cerium chloride to reduce artificial carious mineral loss and lesion depth progression. Methods: A total of 160 enamel samples were prepared from 40 bovine lower central incisors. Crowns were sectioned into four pieces, embedded in acrylic resin, ground flat and allocated to eight groups (S1-S4 and D1-D4; n = 20). Specimens of groups D1-D4 were stored (for 7 days) in a demineralizing buffer solution to induce caries-like lesions. Afterwards, samples were treated for 30 s with one of the following solutions: placebo (S1 and D1), amine fluoride (S2 and D2), cerium chloride (S3 and D3) and a combination of fluoride and cerium chloride (S4 and D4). After another 7 (D1-D4) or 14 (S1-S4) days in demineralizing buffer solution, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were determined by transversal microradiography and compared by Scheffé's post hoc tests. Results: In groups S1-S4, the highest values for integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were observed for group S1 (placebo), the lowest values for group S4. The results in groups S2-S4 were not significantly different. In groups D1-D4, the highest values for integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were observed for group D1 (placebo), the lowest values in groups D3 and D4. In group D2, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly lower as compared to D1, but significantly higher compared to groups D3 and D4. (D1-D4) or 14 (S1-S4) days in demineralizing buffer solution, the integrated mineral 79 loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth (ld) was determined by transversal microradiography 80 (TMR) and compared by Scheffe`s post hoc tests. 81Results: Within groups S1-S4, the statistically highest ΔZ and ld was observed for 82 group S1 (placebo). Lowest values (ΔZ and ld) were observed for group S4. The 83 results among groups S2-S4 were not significantly different. 84Within groups D1-D4, the statistically highest ΔZ and ld was observed for group D1 85 (placebo). Lowest values (ΔZ and ld) were observed in groups D3 and D4. In group 86 D2 ΔZ and ld was significantly lower as compared to D1, but significantly higher 87 compared to groups D3 and D4.

Surface deterioration and elemental composition of retrieved orthodontic miniscrews

“…Cerium is also present in some foods, such as tubers grown in cerium-rich soils and water. 41,42 We attributed mouthwashes and foods as the sources of the cerium on the heads and necks of the retrieved MSIs in our study. Cerium chloride and its combination with fluoride can significantly reduce various mineral losses and the progression of the depth of enamel lesions.…”

“…Cerium chloride and its combination with fluoride can significantly reduce various mineral losses and the progression of the depth of enamel lesions. 41 It is also said to have a bacteriostatic effect. 43 A strong binding of cerium nanoparticles to the outer membrane of Staphylococcus aureus causes the inhibition of active transport, dehydrogenase and periplasmic enzyme activity, and thus eventually the inhibition of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis leading to cell lysis.…”

Conceptualization of Bioactive Materials in Dental Caries Prevention

“…NaCl solution (0.5 mol/L) does not cause any damage to the carious root surface, whereas cerium chloride alone or in combination with Fcan significantly reduce mineral loss from the carious lesion and inhibit its progression. 31…”

Surface Accumulation of Cerium, Self-Assembling Peptide, and Fluoride on Sound Bovine Enamel

“…Lanthanoid compounds such as cerium salts, although not yet used clinically, have recently shown anti-erosive and cariostatic potential [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Although not fully understood, the incorporation of cerium at the positions of calcium in the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite may increase acid resistance.…”