Cerebrovascular stiffness and flow dynamics in the presence of amyloid and tau biomarkers

Rivera‐Rivera, Leonardo A.; Eisenmenger, Laura; Cody, Karly Alex; Reher, Thomas; Betthauser, Tobey J.; Cadman, Robert V.; Rowley, Howard A.; Carlsson, Cynthia M.; Chin, Nathaniel A.; Johnson, Sterling C.; Johnson, Kevin M.

doi:10.1002/dad2.12253

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…This includes derivation of a large number of hemodynamic biomarkers (reviewed elsewhere). 67,68,80,84,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Importantly, 4D CSF flow imaging also demands high spatiotemporal resolution to quantify CSF dynamics across small and widespread structures (e.g., SAS, PVS). 4D CSF flow imaging is further challenged by the long T1 of CSF and the lower velocities associated with CSF motion, which leads to increased scan times.…”

Section: D Csf Flow Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advances in neurovascular 4D flow acquisition, 76–79 reconstruction, 80,81 and the development of postprocessing 82–85 tools have turned 4D flow MRI into a versatile technique for the assessment of CBF dynamics. This includes derivation of a large number of hemodynamic biomarkers (reviewed elsewhere) 67,68,80,84,86–92 . Importantly, 4D CSF flow imaging also demands high spatiotemporal resolution to quantify CSF dynamics across small and widespread structures (e.g., SAS, PVS).…”

Section: D Csf Flow Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four‐dimensional flow MRI for quantitative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: Status and opportunities

Rivera‐Rivera,

Vikner,

Eisenmenger

et al. 2023

NMR in Biomedicine

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Neurological disorders can manifest with altered neurofluid dynamics in different compartments of the central nervous system. These include alterations in cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, and tissue biomechanics. Noninvasive quantitative assessment of neurofluid flow and tissue motion is feasible with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI). While two‐dimensional (2D) PC MRI is routinely utilized in research and clinical settings to assess flow dynamics through a single imaging slice, comprehensive neurofluid dynamic assessment can be limited or impractical. Recently, four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI (or time‐resolved three‐dimensional PC with three‐directional velocity encoding) has emerged as a powerful extension of 2D PC, allowing for large volumetric coverage of fluid velocities at high spatiotemporal resolution within clinically reasonable scan times. Yet, most 4D flow studies have focused on blood flow imaging. Characterizing CSF flow dynamics with 4D flow (i.e., 4D CSF flow) is of high interest to understand normal brain and spine physiology, but also to study neurological disorders such as dysfunctional brain metabolite waste clearance, where CSF dynamics appear to play an important role. However, 4D CSF flow imaging is challenged by the long T1 time of CSF and slower velocities compared with blood flow, which can result in longer scan times from low flip angles and extended motion‐sensitive gradients, hindering clinical adoption. In this work, we review the state of 4D CSF flow MRI including challenges, novel solutions from current research and ongoing needs, examples of clinical and research applications, and discuss an outlook on the future of 4D CSF flow.

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