Cerebral Neurosecretory Cells in the Millipede, <i>Archispirostreptus syriacus</i>, De Saussure (Diplopoda, Spirostreptiadae)

Warburg, M. R.; Rosenberg, Mira

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1983.tb00788.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Neurohaemal organs where neurosecretory endings are in close contact with blood vessels have been described in many animals [ 117 , 122 – 124 ] including annelids (infracerebral complex) [ 125 , 126 ], molluscs [ 127 ] (e.g. the neurosecretory system of the vena cava in Octopus ) [ 128 ], insects (pars intercerebralis–corpus cardiacum–corpus allatum system), crustaceans (X-organ and other organs) [ 124 , 129 ], millipedes [ 130 , 131 ], nemerteans [ 132 ], tunicates [ 123 ], cephalochordates [ 133 ] and vertebrates (the various circumventricular organs) [ 123 ].…”

Section: Peptidergic Signalling and Scenarios For Nervous System Origmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

Jékely

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In nervous systems, there are two main modes of transmission for the propagation of activity between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical synapses while volume transmission is mediated by diffusible chemical signals and does not require direct contact. It is possible to wire complex neuronal networks by both chemical and synaptic transmission. Both types of networks are ubiquitous in nervous systems, leading to the question which of the two appeared first in evolution. This paper explores a scenario where chemically organized cellular networks appeared before synapses in evolution, a possibility supported by the presence of complex peptidergic signalling in all animals except sponges. Small peptides are ideally suited to link up cells into chemical networks. They have unlimited diversity, high diffusivity and high copy numbers derived from repetitive precursors. But chemical signalling is diffusion limited and becomes inefficient in larger bodies. To overcome this, peptidergic cells may have developed projections and formed synaptically connected networks tiling body surfaces and displaying synchronized activity with pulsatile peptide release. The advent of circulatory systems and neurohemal organs further reduced the constraint imposed on chemical signalling by diffusion. This could have contributed to the explosive radiation of peptidergic signalling systems in stem bilaterians. Neurosecretory centres in extant nervous systems are still predominantly chemically wired and coexist with the synaptic brain. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens’.

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Section: Peptidergic Signalling and Scenarios For Nervous System Origmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

Jékely

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Neurohaemal organs where neurosecretory endings are in close contact with blood vessels have been described in many animals [76,[85][86][87] including annelids (infracerebral complex) [88,89] , mollusks [90] (e.g. the neurosecretory system of the vena cava in Octopus ) [91] , insects (pars intercerebralis -corpus cardiacum -corpus allatum system), crustaceans (X-organ and other organs) [87,92] , millipedes [93,94] , nemerteans [95] , tunicates [86] , cephalochordates [96] , and vertebrates (the various circumventricular organs) [86] .…”

Section: F Origin Of Neurohaemal Organs and The End-ediacaran Neuropmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

Jékely¹

2020

Preprint

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In nervous systems, there are two modes of transmission for the propagation of activity between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical synapses while volume transmission is mediated by diffusible chemical signals and does not require direct contact. It is possible to wire complex neuronal networks by both chemical and synaptic transmission. Both types of networks are ubiquitous in nervous systems, leading to the question which of the two appeared first in evolution. This paper explores a scenario where chemically organised cellular networks appeared before synapses in evolution; a possibility supported by the presence of complex peptidergic signalling in all animals except sponges. Small peptides are ideally suited to link up cells into chemical networks. They have unlimited diversity, high diffusivity and high copy numbers derived from repetitive precursors. But chemical signalling is diffusion limited and becomes inefficient in larger bodies. To overcome this, peptidergic cells may have developed projections and formed synaptically connected networks tiling body surfaces and displaying synchronised activity with pulsatile peptide release. The advent of circulatory systems and neurohemal organs further reduced the constraint imposed on chemical signalling by diffusion. This could have contributed to the explosive radiation of peptidergic signalling systems in stem bilaterians. Neurosecretory centres in extant nervous systems are still predominantly chemically wired and coexist with the synaptic brain.

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The nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 (Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) shows an additional cell layer

2015

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This study presents a morphological description of the central nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus and the first report of an outer cell layer surrounding the nervous system in Diplopoda. The nervous system of this species consists of a brain formed by the fusion of proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum, as well as a ventral nerve cord with metamerically arranged ganglia that extends through the entire length of the animal’s body. The optic lobes, mushroom bodies and olfactory glomeruli of this species were located and described. As has been reported for other millipedes, the nervous system of G. olivaceus comprises a cortical layer in which three types of neurons could be identified and an inner region of neuropil, both of which are wrapped and protected by a perineurium and a neural lamella. However, more externally to the neural lamella, there is a discontinuous and irregular outer cell sheath layer containing distinctive cells whose function appears to be linked to the nutrition and protection of neurons.

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Cerebral Neurosecretory Cells in the Millipede, Archispirostreptus syriacus, De Saussure (Diplopoda, Spirostreptiadae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

The nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 (Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) shows an additional cell layer

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