The nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 (Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) shows an additional cell layer

Francisco, Annelise; Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira; Fontanetti, Carmem Silvia

doi:10.1163/15707563-00002466

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Rather, the BBB represents an interface between the brain tissue and the surrounding lacunae (Figure 4). Blood-brain barriers can be found in species of all four major arthropod groups [260][261][262][263]. While exhibiting a certain degree of morphological disparity in regards to histological and ultrastructural details, the BBB in arthropods is generally made of at least the neural lamella, i.e., an outer sheath of connective tissue plus the perineurial glial epithelium.…”

Section: The Blood-brain Barrier Of Protostome Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

Dunton

Göpel

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many aspects of this important neuroprotective barrier have now been well established, including its cellular architecture and barrier and transport functions. Unsurprisingly, most research has had a human orientation, using mammalian and other animal models to develop translational research findings. However, cell layers forming a barrier between vascular spaces and neural tissues are found broadly throughout the invertebrates as well as in all vertebrates. Unfortunately, previous scenarios for the evolution of the BBB typically adopt a classic, now discredited ‘scala naturae’ approach, which inaccurately describes a putative evolutionary progression of the mammalian BBB from simple invertebrates to mammals. In fact, BBB-like structures have evolved independently numerous times, complicating simplistic views of the evolution of the BBB as a linear process. Here, we review BBBs in their various forms in both invertebrates and vertebrates, with an emphasis on the function, evolution, and conditional relevance of popular animal models such as the fruit fly and the zebrafish to mammalian BBB research.

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Section: The Blood-brain Barrier Of Protostome Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myriapoda exhibit another kind of restrictive intercellular junction in the BBB-zonular linker junctions [22,283]. However, while the sheath around the brain exhibits a similar composition [263,284], little is known about the permeability of the putative BBB in myriapods.…”

Section: The Blood-brain Barrier Of Protostome Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

Dunton

Göpel

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Among the labeled somata, the antero-proximal region was selected for synapsin analysis because it is associated with the olfactory glomeruli's neuropilar region (Francisco et al, 2015) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Confocal Analysis Of Synapsin Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Synapsin Levels in the MillipedeGymnostreptus olivaceusSchubart, 1944 Exposed to Different Concentrations of Deltamethrin

et al. 2016

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Millipedes are ecologically important soil organisms and may also be an economically threatening species in rural and urban areas when population outbreaks occur. In order to control infestations commercial formulations of deltamethrin have been commonly applied, even though there are few studies about the effects of such insecticide on millipedes. This paper describes the effects of this insecticide on millipedes showing neurotoxic effects assessed by synapsin labeling and confocal microscopy. Deltamethrin concentrations related to the DL50 of the active ingredient and a field concentration were applied topically in the diplopod Gymnostreptus olivaceus to evaluate the behavior, mortality rate, and synapsin levels in the brain 12, 24, and 48h after contact with deltamethin. The insecticide caused mortality at the higher concentrations employed, in which no change was observed in neurotransmission in the survivors. In contrast, at field concentrations, deltamethrin did not cause any deaths, but triggered significant changes in synapsin levels. The results obtained form the synapsin labeling provide several interpretations suggesting that the isolated application of this tool must be associated with additional tools in order to evaluate biologically induced effects of deltamethrin in an accurate way. In addition, the feasibility of chemical control of millipedes with deltamethrin is questioned.

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“…Further, the millipede also coordinates the strides of the legs during navigating through obstacles within the environment (Garcia et al, 2015). Millipedes possess a sophisticated neural system that enables them to utilize sensory information to achieve motor control and navigate through various environments (Francisco et al, 2015;Reboleira and Enghoff, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg-body coordination strategies for obstacle avoidance and narrow space navigation of multi-segmented, legged robots

Mingchinda,

Jaiton,

Leung

et al. 2023

Front. Neurorobot.

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IntroductionMillipedes can avoid obstacle while navigating complex environments with their multi-segmented body. Biological evidence indicates that when the millipede navigates around an obstacle, it first bends the anterior segments of its corresponding anterior segment of its body, and then gradually propagates this body bending mechanism from anterior to posterior segments. Simultaneously, the stride length between pairs of legs inside the bending curve decreases to coordinate the leg motions with the bending mechanism of the body segments. In robotics, coordination between multiple legs and body segments during turning for navigating in complex environments, e.g., narrow spaces, has not been fully realized in multi-segmented, multi-legged robots with more than six legs.MethodTo generate the efficient obstacle avoidance turning behavior in a multi-segmented, multi-legged (millipede-like) robot, this study explored three possible strategies of leg and body coordination during turning: including the local leg and body coordination at the segment level in a manner similar to millipedes, global leg amplitude change in response to different turning directions (like insects), and the phase reversal of legs inside of turning curve during obstacle avoidance (typical engineering approach).ResultsUsing sensory inputs obtained from the antennae located at the robot head and recurrent neural control, different turning strategies were generated, with gradual body bending propagation from the anterior to posterior body segments.DiscussionWe discovered differences in the performance of each turning strategy, which could guide the future control development of multi-segmented, legged robots.

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The nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 (Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) shows an additional cell layer

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

Changes in Synapsin Levels in the MillipedeGymnostreptus olivaceusSchubart, 1944 Exposed to Different Concentrations of Deltamethrin

Leg-body coordination strategies for obstacle avoidance and narrow space navigation of multi-segmented, legged robots

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