Cerebral infarction pattern in tuberculous meningitis

Tai, Mei‐Ling Sharon; Shanthi, Vissa; Rahmat, Kartini; Nor, Hazman Mohd; Kadir, Khairul Azmi Abdul; Goh, Khean Jin; Ramli, Norlisah; Bakar, Fatimah Kamila Abu; Zain, Norzaini Rose Mohd; Yap, Jun Fai; Ong, Beng Hooi; Rafia, M.H.; Tan, Chong Tin

doi:10.1038/srep38802

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cerebral infarction in TBM involved especially the perforators and terminal cortical branches. These infarcts mainly involved the lateral lenticulostriate arteries, medial lenticulostriate arteries, and perforators from posterior cerebral artery [7,8]. Head CT-scan without contrast of the patient showed infarct in the left thalamus and Hydrocephalus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classic Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis manifestations, without lumbar puncture

Bintang¹,

Santoso²,

Amran³

et al. 2018

Int J Case Rep Images

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A 28-year-old man who was hospitalized with decreased consciousness.Consciousness decreased slowly since one week before being admitted to our hospital. He had headache since two months ago but became worse since two weeks ago. There were frequent nausea and vomiting for the last two months (approximately four times daily). He was often confused, had abnormal personal behaviour, and had double vision since two months ago.He often had fever, night sweat, and weight losssince two months ago. He had chronic cough since two months ago. His appetite was decreased. There was no history of head trauma, hypertension, diabetes, high blood cholesterol level, stroke and heart disease. Family history of chronic cough or tuberculosis treatment was denied. Based on physical and neurological examination, he was subfebrile (his temperature was 37.5 o C) with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score total of 11(E3M5V3). Nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign were positive. Movement and strength were unclear lateralization at first, but then we found that there was decreased movement and strenght at the right side of the body, tone and physiological reflexes were normal. Pathological reflexes were negative. Routine and chemistry blood examination demonstrated White Blood Cell (WBC): 13.940/mm 3 ; Red Blood Cell (RBC): 4.55x10 6 /mm 3 ; Hemoglobin (Hb): 13.3g/dl; Haematocrit (HCT): 38.1%; Platelet (PLT): 323x10 3 / mm 3 ; Blood Random Glucose: 90 mg/dl; Ureum 18 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.52 mg/dl; SGOT: 40 mg/dl; SGPT: 79 mg/dl; Sodium: 126 mmol/L; Potassium: 4,1 mmol/L; Chloride: 90 mmol/L; HIV Rapid Test non reactive; HIV Antigen 0.03 (non reactive); and HIV Antibody 0.04 (non reactive). Axial head CT-scans of both non-contrast and contrast to the administration of intravenous gadolinium (Gd-DOTA) were performed and showed left thalamus infarct that was not enhanced by contrast injection and hypertensive hydrocephalus (obstuctive) ( Figure 1A and B). A contrast head CT-Scan examination showed basal enhancing exudate (Figure 2). A chest X-Ray examination showed old and active lung tuberculosis with wide lesion and left pleural reaction (Figure 3). A non contrast thoracic CT-Scan showed old and active lung tuberculosis with wide lesion (Data was not shown).The patient was treated with Four-drug fixed Dose Combinations (4FDC) (Tuberculous regimen consists of Isoniazid 75 mg, Rifampicin 150 mg, Pyrazinamide 400 mg, and Ethambutol 275 mg) as much as 4 tablets/24 hours/oralwith additional Isonoazid 100 mg/24 hours/ oral, Streptomycin 1000 mg/24 hours/intramuscular for two months followed by Isoniazid 400 mg/24 hours/oral

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classic Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis manifestations, without lumbar puncture

Bintang¹,

Santoso²,

Amran³

et al. 2018

Int J Case Rep Images

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“…In the first condition, the work of adhesion between nano materials and substrates (W pattern/substrate ) is very weak because it is provided by van der Waals' forces. [25] Usually, various strat egies are used to improve the work of adhesion, such as the addition of an adhesive agent in the nanomaterial formula, [26] sintering at high temperature, [27] presurface treatment of the substrate, [28] or sputter deposition with high energy. [29] Even with such strategies, W pattern/substrate remains small with respect to W polymer/pattern if PVDF is used as the polymer.…”

Section: Mechanism Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Self‐Peel‐Off” Transfer Produces Ultrathin Polyvinylidene‐Fluoride‐Based Flexible Nanodevices

Tai

Lubineau

2017

Advanced Science

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Here, a new strategy, self‐peel‐off transfer, for the preparation of ultrathin flexible nanodevices made from polyvinylidene‐fluoride (PVDF) is reported. In this process, a functional pattern of nanoparticles is transferred via peeling from a temporary substrate to the final PVDF film. This peeling process takes advantage of the differences in the work of adhesion between the various layers (the PVDF layer, the nanoparticle‐pattern layer and the substrate layer) and of the high stresses generated by the differential thermal expansion of the layers. The work of adhesion is mainly guided by the basic physical/chemical properties of these layers and is highly sensitive to variations in temperature and moisture in the environment. The peeling technique is tested on a variety of PVDF‐based functional films using gold/palladium nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and lithium iron phosphate. Several PVDF‐based flexible nanodevices are prepared, including a single‐sided wireless flexible humidity sensor in which PVDF is used as the substrate and a double‐sided flexible capacitor in which PVDF is used as the ferroelectric layer and the carrier layer. Results show that the nanodevices perform with high repeatability and stability. Self‐peel‐off transfer is a viable preparation strategy for the design and fabrication of flexible, ultrathin, and light‐weight nanodevices.

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“…[ 38,39 ] This strain will cause the SWCNT conductive network on the surface of thread fi bers to generate a piezoresistive effect, which can be confi rmed via micromorphological variation in the SWCNTs on them, as shown in Figure 2 d. [ 40,41 ] Note that the SWCNTs used here were modifi ed with a 2-4 nm coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS). [ 42,43 ] Although PEDOT/PSS itself presents some intrinsic piezoresistive behavior, previous work has verifi ed that the majority of the piezoresistivity results from the change in distance between nanoparticles that takes place under a mechanical strain. [ 44 ] Moreover, these fi ndings were further exhibited through a closed circuit (voltage = 3 V) containing a light-emitting diode (LED) and a conductive thread (length = 2 cm, total resistance = 1.23 kohm after drying).…”

Section: The Sensing Mechanism Of Swcnt-coated Threadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐Twisted Conductive Smart Threads Comprising a Homogeneously and a Gradient‐Coated Thread for Multidimensional Flexible Pressure‐Sensing Devices

Tai

Lubineau

2016

Adv Funct Materials

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Fiber‐based, flexible pressure‐sensing systems have attracted attention recently due to their promising application as electronic skins. Here, a new kind of flexible pressure‐sensing device based on a polydimethylsiloxane membrane instrumented with double‐twisted smart threads (DTSTs) is reported. DTSTs are made of two conductive threads obtained by coating cotton threads with carbon nanotubes. One thread is coated with a homogeneous thickness of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to detect the intensity of an applied load and the other is coated with a graded thickness of SWCNTs to identify the position of the load along the thread. The mechanism and capacity of DTSTs to accurately sense an applied load are systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that the fabricated 1D, 2D, and 3D sensing devices can be used to predict both the intensity and the position of an applied load. The sensors feature high sensitivity (between ≈0.1% and 1.56% kPa) and tunable resolution, good cycling resilience (>104 cycles), and a short response time (minimum 2.5 Hz). The presented strategy is a viable alternative for the design of simple, low‐cost pressure sensors.

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Cerebral infarction pattern in tuberculous meningitis

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Classic Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis manifestations, without lumbar puncture

Classic Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis manifestations, without lumbar puncture

“Self‐Peel‐Off” Transfer Produces Ultrathin Polyvinylidene‐Fluoride‐Based Flexible Nanodevices

Double‐Twisted Conductive Smart Threads Comprising a Homogeneously and a Gradient‐Coated Thread for Multidimensional Flexible Pressure‐Sensing Devices

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