Cerebral atrophy following shaken impact syndrome and other non-accidental head injury (NAHI)

Lo, T.Y.M.; McPhillips, Maeve; Minns, Robert A.; Gibson, R J

doi:10.1080/1363849031000109516

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is a paucity of data in children. In infants with nonaccidental head injury, acquired microcephaly was found in 15 of 16 children seen after a median follow-up period of almost 18 months [Lo et al, 2003]. In 8 of the 15 children with microcephaly, the cause was cerebral atrophy.…”

Section: Imaging Late Outcome After Tbi In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in White Matter Late after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood

Tasker

2006

Dev Neurosci

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Severe traumatic brain injury in childhood, particularly that complicated by raised intracranial pressure, has significant long-term effects on the brain. Since magnetic resonance imaging provides a means of visualizing neuroanatomic structure in exquisite detail, the scope of this review is to revisit the pathology of traumatic brain injury described in recent clinical imaging studies. Acute imaging provides insight into the acute mechanism of focal and diffuse injury. There is some reduction in threshold for white matter pathology in the hemisphere ipsilateral to injury. After injury, there may be long-term effects on white matter architecture and the potential for brain growth. In this context, the pattern of hippocampal rather than parahippocampal gyrus tissue loss provides insight into the likely cause of white matter injury being cerebral hypoperfusion.

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Section: Imaging Late Outcome After Tbi In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in White Matter Late after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood

Tasker

2006

Dev Neurosci

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“…7) Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a form of abuse that can cause severe injuries such as subdural hematoma (SDH), subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhagic contusion, and/or diffuse axonal injury. 8,12,13) We describe a case of SBS manifesting as chronic SDH detected by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, diffusionweighted MR imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaken Baby Syndrome Manifesting as Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Importance of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Treatment Indications-Case Report-

Kujiraoka

Sato

Tsuruta

et al. 2004

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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A boy with shaken baby syndrome first presented at age 3 months with acute subdural hematoma (SDH) and was treated by subdural tapping at a local hospital. Chronic SDH was identified at a rehabilitation center at age 19 months. The chronic SDH appeared to have developed within the preceding 16 months. His physical and mental development was already delayed. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a 20-mm thick right chronic SDH with midline shift and small bilateral subdural effusions. The chronic SDH had compressed the right cerebral hemisphere. MR imaging also disclosed bilateral cerebral atrophy. 99m Tc-ethylcysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the non-hematoma hemisphere, although CBF is said to decrease on the chronic SDH side, especially if midline shift is present. Burr hole craniotomy with external drainage was performed, but the patient showed no change in CBF postoperatively, although the volume of hematoma decreased. The patient was clinically unchanged immediately after the operation. In this case, SPECT measurement of CBF was important in evaluating the pathophysiology of the delays in physical and mental growth. Atrophy of the bilateral hemispheres was the major mechanism in the decreased CBF, not the compression by chronic SDH. MR imaging and SPECT can determine the surgical indications for chronic SDH in patients with cortical atrophy.

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“….'. Contrary to the clinical evidence of severe and widespread brain injury and subsequent generalized atrophy following early injury for example [6], it is far too often suggested that the infant is developing normally; that there are no sequelae and certainly no need for intervention. Lawyers guided by such expert opinion may seek limited financial damages or provision for the child.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Age and recovery from brain injury: legal opinions, clinical beliefs and experimental evidence

Johnson

Rose

Brooks

et al. 2003

Pediatric Rehabilitation

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Despite considerable scientific evidence to the contrary, many medical practitioners maintain that children recover from brain injury better than adults. This belief, which is commonly referred to as the "Kennard Principle", has important ramifications for personal injury compensation claims in which the amount of financial damages claimed is partly based on medical experts' prognoses for recovery and long-term outcome. The present study investigated whether legal practitioners' beliefs are consistent with those of medical practitioners. Lawyers were asked to estimate their confidence in consultant neurologists' estimates of recovery in four clinically-based but fictitious case studies which differed only in the reported age of the patient. The lawyers showed more confidence in estimates which coincided with the Kennard Principle than those which did not. These results support previous findings in showing widespread belief that "younger is better" in recovery from brain injury. In consequence, it is likely that financial compensation for children with brain injury is currently being underestimated in litigation, thereby prejudicing the long-term outcome of the child.

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Cerebral atrophy following shaken impact syndrome and other non-accidental head injury (NAHI)

Abstract: A large proportion of the cohort (93.8%) develops acquired microcephaly after an inflicted head injury and cerebral atrophy is responsible in half of these cases.

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Changes in White Matter Late after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood

Changes in White Matter Late after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood

Shaken Baby Syndrome Manifesting as Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Importance of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Treatment Indications-Case Report-

Age and recovery from brain injury: legal opinions, clinical beliefs and experimental evidence

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