Ceramic/natural rubber composites: influence types of rubber and ceramic materials on curing, mechanical, morphological, and dielectric properties

Salaeh, Subhan; Muensit, Nantakan; Bomlai, Pornsuda; Nakason, Charoen

doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4990-6

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Both of the flat sample surfaces were first painted with a thin layer of high‐purity silver paint, ensuring good contact in the electrical measurements. The AC conductivity ( σ AC ) was determined from the dielectric data by using the following relation :

σ_{A C} = ω ε 0 ε' t a n δ

where ω is the angular frequency equal to 2 πf ( f is the frequency),

ε 0

is the dielectric constant of vacuum (8.854 × 10 −12 F/m), ε ′ is the dielectric constant of the sample, and it together with tan δ was estimated from these relations

ε^{'} = \frac{C d}{A ε 0}

\tan δ = \frac{ε^{″}}{ε^{'}}

where C is the capacitance of the sample (F), d is the sample thickness (m), A is the area of an electrode (m 2 ), ε ′ is dielectric constant, and ε ″ is dielectric loss or loss factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber composites

et al. 2015

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The influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and conductive carbon black (CCB) on cure, electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) composites was investigated. It was found that short MWCNTs (S‐MWCNTs) with low loading significantly affected the cure characteristics in a way similar to high loading of CCB. Moreover, the ENR/S‐MWCNTs composites exhibited high AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) compared to the ENR/CCB and ENR/L‐MWCNTs (long MWCNTs) composites. In addition, the S‐MWCNTs composites showed the lowest percolation threshold concentration, defined as the lowest loading to form conductive paths in the insulating ENR matrix. This might be attributed to the comparatively high interfacial polarization, with good dispersion and distribution, of the S‐MWCNTs in ENR matrix. These characteristics were confirmed by TEM imaging and by a high bound rubber content, corroborating strong filler–rubber interactions in the ENR/S‐MWCNTs composites. However, the L‐MWCNTs composites showed the lowest electrical and other related properties, despite the highest aspect ratio and specific surface area of this filler. This might be because of the flocculation of nanotubes by mutual entanglement, leading to a poor uneven distribution in the ENR matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1031–1042, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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σ_{A C} = ω ε 0 ε' t a n δ

where ω is the angular frequency equal to 2 πf ( f is the frequency),

ε 0

is the dielectric constant of vacuum (8.854 × 10 −12 F/m), ε ′ is the dielectric constant of the sample, and it together with tan δ was estimated from these relations

ε^{'} = \frac{C d}{A ε 0}

\tan δ = \frac{ε^{″}}{ε^{'}}

where C is the capacitance of the sample (F), d is the sample thickness (m), A is the area of an electrode (m 2 ), ε ′ is dielectric constant, and ε ″ is dielectric loss or loss factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where x is the angular frequency equal to 2pf (f is the frequency), e0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum (8.854 3 10 212 F/m), e 0 is the dielectric constant of the sample, and it together with tan d was estimated from these relations [21] e 0 ¼ Cd Ae0…”

Section: Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber composites

et al. 2015

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“…The sulfur used as curing agent was manufactured by Ajax Chemical (Samutprakarn, Thailand). Barium titanate (BT) was prepared in‐house, as described in our prvious work …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is modified natural rubber containing epoxide groups in its molecular backbone. In our previous work, the presence of epoxide groups in isoprene units was found to enhance mechanical and dielectric properties, compared with unmodified natural rubber, due to the polarity of epoxy groups increasing the dielectric constant . The high mechanical strength, flexibility and high dielectric constant of ENR make it a prime candidate for the synthesis of ceramic‐polymer composites with high dielectric constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible 0–3 Ceramic‐Polymer Composites of Barium Titanate and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

Salaeh

Boiteux

Cassagnau

et al. 2013

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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International audienceFlexible composites with a high electrical permittivity are pursued in materials research, due to their potential applications in electrical devices. We synthesized such ceramic-polymer composites from BaTiO3 and epoxidized natural rubber. The influence of BaTiO3 concentration on cure characteristics, mechanical (static & dynamic), dielectric, and morphological properties of the composites was investigated. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with BaTiO3 loading, while the storage modulus and permittivity of composites increased. As for dynamic electrical properties, the dielectric loss factor and tan delta of the composites showed a maximum peak within the frequency range extending up to 10(5) Hz, reflecting the relaxation process of the polymer matrix. All of the composites showed two peaks in the frequency dependence of electric modulus, due to conductivity and molecular relaxation. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed the 0-3 structure of composites, with isolated BaTiO3 particles

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“…An excellent dispersion of solid particles is another important point to achieve good processing. Good dispersion has been achieved by applying ball-milling techniques [4][5][6][7] or high-frequency ultrasounds to homogenize and disrupt agglomerates when ceramic molecules are employed. 8 Other strategies like the use of nanomaterials for compounding [9][10] or the chemical modification of inorganic particles [11][12][13] have been introduced on NR research area but are being scarcely applied in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ZnO and TiO2 Particle Sizes in the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

González

Custal²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

Mat. Res.

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The novelty of the present study relies on the straightforward sonication of ZnO and TiO 2 and incorporation to a complex formulation of latex, with other several organic-inorganic additives that influences the cross-linking reactions. The new elastomer with particles carefully sonicated exhibit improved electrical and mechanical properties. Strong interaction among the nanoparticles and the polymer amorphous phase has been proved by means of FTIR, SEM and XRD analyses. The synergistic effect of hybrid fillers with nanometric dimensions can be used to design high-performance natural rubber nanocomposites with enhanced electrical resistance and good cross-linking degree.

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Ceramic/natural rubber composites: influence types of rubber and ceramic materials on curing, mechanical, morphological, and dielectric properties

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber composites

Effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber composites

Flexible 0–3 Ceramic‐Polymer Composites of Barium Titanate and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

Influence of ZnO and TiO2 Particle Sizes in the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

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