Centrifugal optic nerve responses evoked by auditory and somatic stimulation

Spinelli, D.N.; Pribram, Karl H.; Weingarten, Morey

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(65)90074-9

Cited by 73 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The pathways for signifying influence the primary sensory systems. Connections have been traced by electrophysiological techniques as far peripheral as the retina [53,54] and the cochlear nucleus [55], for instance. The connections important to the symbolic process have not as yet been determined as fully, but a good deal of the evidence points to involvement with the limbic systems structures on the innermost boundary of the forebrain [56].…”

Section: Signs and Symbols: Association Or Differentiation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pribram

2006

J Biomed Discov Collaboration

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Section: Signs and Symbols: Association Or Differentiation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pribram

2006

J Biomed Discov Collaboration

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“…The existence of centrifugal fibers in birds has been well established (Miles, 1972a(Miles, , 1972b. Among mammals, there is evidence that centrifugal fibers exist in the optic nerve of mice (Goldberg & Galin, 1973), cats (Brook, Downer, & Powell, 1965;Granit, 1955Granit, , 1959Jacobson & Gestring, 1958;Spinelli, Pribram, & Weingarten, 1965), monkeys (Brook et aI., 1965;Jacobson & Gestring, 1958;Mirsky et aI., 1973;Nobak & Mettler, 1973), and humans (Honrubia & Elliott, 1968;Mirsky, 1978;Sacks & Lindenberg, 1969;Van Hasselt, 1972173;Wolter, 1965;Wolter & Lund, 1968). The results of the present study add another increment to the list.…”

Section: Retinal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central neural influences on the human retina during selective attention

1983

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Two controversial issues were investigated. One concerned the question of whether cen· trifugal fibers project to the human retina, and the other, the question of whether precortical fil· ters which differentially transmit relevant and irrelevant information during selective attention exist. The issues were addressed jointly by studying the effects of selective attention on evoked responses obtained from the retina and over the occipital cortex. Selective attention was manipulated by requiring subjects to respond to stimuli presented at various locations in the visual field while attempting to ignore stimuli presented at other locations. Retinal responses to stimuli presented at attended to locations were found to be larger than those at unattended to locations. A similar result was obtained for responses recorded over the occipital cortex. The results are interpreted as follows: (1) They support the hypothesis that sustained voluntary at· tention to specific locations in space is mediated, at least partly, by centrally controlled cen· trifugal pathways which differentially modify synaptic transmission at a precortical level; (2) such differential alteration can occur as far peripherally as the retina; and (3) such alteration at the retinal level necessarily requires the existence of centrifugal optic nerve fibers. The results are discussed within the context of existing evidence bearing on the issues.

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“…The existence of centrifugal fibers to the retina has been supported by electrophysiological responses obtained from both electrically evoked and 'physiological' stimuli in the cat [Granit, 1955[Granit, , 1962Hernán-dez-Peón et al, 1957;Spinelli et al, 1965;Haft and Harman, 1967], in the rabbit [Dodt, 1956], and in the rhesus monkey [Ogden and Brown, 1964].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifugal Fibers to the Retina in the Rhesus Monkey

Noback¹,

Fa²

1973

Brain Behav Evol

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In addition to the retinofugal fibers from theganglion cells of the retina and the supraoptic commissural fibers (Gudden''s commissure), the optic tracts, chiasm, and nerves of the rhesus monkey contain centrifugal (retinopetal, optic efferent) fibers to the retina. The centrifugal fibers were identified in the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts of bilaterally enucleated monkeys on the basis of the principle that, following enucleation, the retinofugal fibers within the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts degenerate and fragment months before the centrifugal fibers to the retina.Normally stained axons are present in the optic tracts; chiasm, and nerves of adult rhesus monkeys 5 or more months following bilateral enucleation. Many of these fibers, revealed by the Romanes silver technique, are present in those regions which exhibit the intense glial reactions associated with the axonal degeneration of the retinofugal fibers.The axons located centrally in the optic nerves appear to be centrifugal fibers to the retina. The cells of origin of these fibers are probably in the superior collicular region, from which their axons course successively through the midbrain reticular formation, crus cerebri (and capsule of the lateral geniculate body), optic tract, chiasm and optic nerve before terminating in the retina. Some of these fibers decussate and some remain uncrossed in their passage through the optic chiasm.

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Centrifugal optic nerve responses evoked by auditory and somatic stimulation

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

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Central neural influences on the human retina during selective attention

Centrifugal Fibers to the Retina in the Rhesus Monkey

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