“…In contrast, the light-colored regions in the tempered alloy steel were less than those of the untempered steel, which indicates that changes took place in martensite during the tempering process, or phase transformation occurred for the retained austenite. It is well known that, during the tempering of steels al-loyed with carbide-forming elements (e.g., Cr, Mn, and Mo), cementite can form with partitioning of these alloying elements, and the interlath film, such as retained austenite, decomposes into ferrite (α) and cementite (θ-Fe 3 C) [21][22][23]. In addition, the problem of segregation in the structure of steel after tempering was alleviated, and the uniformity of the steel improved.…”