Focusing planar refractive mosaic lenses based on triangular prism microstructures have been used as an alternative approach for wide-bandpass monochromatization of high-energy X-rays. The strong energy dependence of the refractive index of the lens material leads to an analogous energy dependence of the focal length of the lens. The refractive mosaic lens, in comparison with the refractive lens of continuous parabolic profile, is characterized by a higher aperture because of reduced passive material. In combination with a well defined pinhole aperture in the focal plane, the transmittance of photons of an appropriate energy can be relatively high and photons of deviating energy can be efficiently suppressed. The photon energy can be tuned by translating the pinhole along the optical axis, and the bandwidth changed by selecting appropriate pinhole aperture and beam stop. This method of monochromatization was realised at the ANKA FLUO beamline using a mosaic lens together with a 20 µm pinhole and beam stop. An energy resolution of 2.0% at 16 keV has been achieved.

Three groups of free‐standing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films formed with variations in substrate temperature, methane concentration, and film thickness are analyzed using high‐resolution electron back‐scattering diffraction. Primarily {001}, {110}, and {111} fiber textures are observed. In addition, corresponding primary and higher order twinning components are found. As interfaces, high angle, low angle, primary twin, and secondary twin boundaries are observed. A growth and a twinning model are proposed based on the sp3 hybridization of the bond in the CH4 molecule that is used as the deposition medium.

A bulk as-cast ZrCuAlNiO alloy consisting of Zr2Cu, B2-type ZrCu, and a small quantity of ZrCu martensite phase was prepared by copper mold casting. The multiphase alloy exhibits a remarkable work-hardening effect (Δσy=1196MPa, ΔE=5.6GPa, and Δεe=2.11%) in the cycle loading-unloading compression test and possesses the high work-hardening capacity (Hc) of 1.66 and 1.58 at strain rates of 1×10−4 and 1×10−3s−1, respectively, under continuous deformation. The strong work-hardening effect of the alloy results from the continuous transformation of the ZrCu (B2, austenite) phase into the ZrCu martensite.

We have studied the nucleation and growth processes in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond film using a tomographic electron backscattering diffraction method (3D EBSD). The approach is based on the combination of a focused ion beam (FIB) unit for serial sectioning in conjunction with high-resolution EBSD. Individual diamond grains were investigated in 3-dimensions particularly with regard to the role of twinning.

More than 90% of hydrates worldwide are accumulated in fine-grained deposits, particularly in the South China Sea. Hydrate exploitation may lead to the geomechanical instability of the hydrate reservoir; thus, a sound understanding of the strength and deformation properties of the deposits is needed before hydrate exploitation. The in situ drainage conditions and fluid flow are very important factors that will influence these characteristics. To comprehend the strength and deformation of hydrate-bearing fine-grained deposits and assess the effects of drainage conditions on mechanical properties, consolidated drained (CD) and undrained (CU) triaxial tests were conducted on water-saturated gas hydrate-bearing fine-grained samples (HBFSs) of the South China Sea. The soil index characteristics were measured and showed that the mean particle size of clayey-silty samples was approximately 7 μm. The drained triaxial experiments demonstrated that the strength and deformation properties were dependent on the effective confining stress and hydrate saturation. The influence of hydrate saturation on the strength of the gas-saturated sample was much greater than that of the water-saturated sample. The undrained triaxial experiments for HBFSs demonstrated the development of positive excess pore water pressures. A comparison of the above results showed that undrained samples yielded more easily and were closer to the critical state than the drained samples and that the boundary surface of the HBFSs was almost not influenced by the drainage conditions. The triaxial testing results revealed that the drainage conditions and boundary condition played critical roles in determining the strength and deformation characteristics of the hydrate-bearing fine-grained deposits.