Cement-Sheath Wellbore Integrity for CO2 Injection and Storage Wells

Abstract

It is critical that CO2 injection and storage wells have wellbore integrity to help prevent leakage of CO2 during the injection period, as well as long-term zonal isolation to sustain the loading conditions of pressure testing, completions, injection, shut-in, and stimulation treatment. This paper highlights the salient engineering design features of planning a successful cementing-job operation for extended-reach drilled (ERD), carbon capture and storage (CCS) wells. Corrosion in Portland cement caused by carbonic acid is a well-documented phenomenon. CO2 injected into geologic formations for underground storage purposes can be converted into various concentrations of carbonic acid with different levels of pH in the formation water surrounding the well, depending on conditions such as temperature, pressure, and the formation rock chemical components. The use of non-Portland cement is often recommended in harsh environments (pH<4) to help avoid any negative impact on long-term well integrity. In addition, the cement should have long-term mechanical resiliency against the anticipated future loading conditions of pressure testing, completions, injection, shut-in, and stimulation treatment. A detailed transient wellbore-temperature analysis was carried out for estimating the wellbore and tubular fluid-temperature profiles during the planned well operations. Based on the estimated temperature profiles, wellbore-pressure conditions, and fluid properties, a rigorous cement-sheath mechanical-integrity analysis was performed following a finite-element analysis (FEA) approach. It was found that the use of non-Portland cement alone might not be sufficient for long-term wellbore integrity. Customized non-Portland cement systems were developed with modified mechanical properties to help ensure appropriate mechanically resilient properties for the long life of a CCS well. Comparative FEA with non-Portland cement and mechanically modified non-Portland cement at the top of tail cement and casing shoe for ERD CCS wells is detailed.

Research Progress and Prospect of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage Based on Unconventional Oil and Gas Development

“…Twenty years ago, one million metric tons of carbon dioxide were injected annually into the North Sea aquifer [44]. Canada and Algeria sequestrated over 20 million tons (Mt) of CO 2 in their deep geological sites [150,151]. However, there have been a few issues raised in recent years, indicating the potential leakages paths created during CO 2 geological storage.…”

Study on sealing integrity of cement sheath in ultra deep well reservoir reconstruction

“…Shadravan 37 found that the cement ring would reach its yield limit and fail after several cycles of loading. Philippacopoulos and Berndt, 38 Gray et al, 39 Bosma, 40 Takase, 41 and others established thermal‐elastic models of the cement ring using finite element software and believed that temperature decrease would cause the interface of the cement ring to stretch and debond, while temperature increase would cause the shear failure of the cement ring. The wellbore is a combination of the casing cement ring (the first interface) and the cemented wellbore (the second interface).…”

An analytical solution to simulate the effect of cement/formation stiffness on well integrity evaluation in carbon sequestration projects

“…This process is named as chemical degradation (Bruckdorfer, 1986). When a water injection well or oil production well is converted to CO 2 injection well, the high injection pressure will result to the mechanical failure of the cement sheath (Takase et al, 2010). Cement sheath of a CO 2 injection well is vulnerable due to the chemical degradation and mechanical disruption.…”