Research Progress and Prospect of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage Based on Unconventional Oil and Gas Development

Abstract

Energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are two major crises facing the world today. Using carbon dioxide to develop unconventional oil and gas resources is a positive way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which can significantly alleviate global energy security issues. This study systematically introduces the prerequisites for CO2 to extract crude oil and CO2 to be safely and effectively stored. Under high temperature and high pressure, the rock properties of deep reservoirs are completely different from those of atmospheric conditions in the two-phase porous media environment of crude oil and high salinity formation water. The research progress on the phase behavior, mutual solubility, CO2 storage potential and mechanism between supercritical CO2 and crude oil, formation water and reservoir are reviewed in detail. In addition, CO2 leakage will inevitably occur during long-term geological storage, the proper estimation and evaluation of the risk and establishment of corresponding sealing methods are the way forward for CO2 geological storage. By systematically elaborating the nature, advantages and disadvantages of fluid–fluid, fluid–solid interaction and geological integrity destruction mechanism, the directions in which several key problems should be solved were pointed out.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

“…Low permeability and restricted storage capacity of shale gas reservoirs make it difficult to store CO 2 effectively. 61,68 Fracturing shale can increase the pore space and surface area in the reservoirs, which will improve the effectiveness of CO 2 storage. Mineralogical composition, organic matter concentration, and maturity are significant characteristics affecting a rock's storage ability for Sc-CO 2 geo-storage pores and fractures.…”

“…Low permeability and restricted storage capacity of shale gas reservoirs make it difficult to store CO 2 effectively. , Fracturing shale can increase the pore space and surface area in the reservoirs, which will improve the effectiveness of CO 2 storage. Mineralogical composition, organic matter concentration, and maturity are significant characteristics affecting a rock’s storage ability for Sc-CO 2 geo-storage pores and fractures. , Many scholars discovered that adsorption of CO 2 over methane depends upon type of organic matter (kerogen type), and the following is the order of adsorption of CO 2 in different type of kerogen IIIA > IIA > IA. ,,− …”

“…66,67 Predicting and managing the phase transition of Sc-CO 2 in the fracturing process is a challenging task. 68 Additionally, Sc-CO 2 has very low viscosity, because of which it cannot carry and transport proppant efficiently to the fracture length created, and there has been significant leakage. 56,57 This Review provides a summary of favorable conditions required for fracking shale rock utilizing a comprehensive collection of data.…”

“…Meanwhile, complications like an in-depth understanding of the interactions between Sc-CO 2 and shale formation are necessary for the efficient long-term geological storage of CO 2 . Further investigation is required to comprehend how the CO 2 storage will affect the mineralogy and nanoscale pore structure over time and depth. ,, The phase behavior of supercritical CO 2 during the fracturing process is very complex and unclear. , Predicting and managing the phase transition of Sc-CO 2 in the fracturing process is a challenging task . Additionally, Sc-CO 2 has very low viscosity, because of which it cannot carry and transport proppant efficiently to the fracture length created, and there has been significant leakage. , …”