Cellulose Nanomaterials—Binding Properties and Applications: A Review

Abstract

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are of increasing interest due to their appealing inherent properties such as bio-degradability, high surface area, light weight, chirality and the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds across the cellulose chains or within other polymeric matrices. Extending CN self-assembly into multiphase polymer structures has led to useful end-results in a wide spectrum of products and countless innovative applications, for example, as reinforcing agent, emulsion stabilizer, barrier membrane and binder. In the current contribution, after a brief description of salient nanocellulose chemical structure features, its types and production methods, we move to recent advances in CN utilization as an ecofriendly binder in several disparate areas, namely formaldehyde-free hybrid composites and wood-based panels, papermaking/coating processes, and energy storage devices, as well as their potential applications in biomedical fields as a cost-effective and tissue-friendly binder for cartilage regeneration, wound healing and dental repair. The prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials that may be produced via nanocellulose is introduced in light of the unique behavior of cellulose once in nano dimensions. Furthermore, we implement some principles of colloidal and interfacial science to discuss the critical role of cellulose binding in the aforesaid fields. Even though the CN facets covered in this study by no means encompass the great amount of literature available, they may be regarded as the basis for future developments in the binder applications of these highly desirable materials.

Prospect of Polysaccharide-Based Materials as Advanced Food Packaging

“…Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world. It is found in cell walls of all plants, but also in some fungi and algae, in some marine organisms of tunicates family, invertebrates, and some Gram-negative bacteria [40]. Cellulose is a linear homopolysaccharide composed of d-glucopyranosyl units linked by β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds ( Figure 5).…”

Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass

“…Cellulose‐based binders are the most prominent examples of sustainable binder materials, with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Figure a) being the most prominently studied derivative. This binder has been described for inorganic anode materials like graphite, silicon, hard carbons, tin/polypyrrole, MoS 2 , or TiO 2 , and is also applied commercially.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Formulations for Healing of Skin-Related Wound Infections: Lessons from Animal Models and Clinical Trials

“…Polysaccharides are stereoregular polymers of monosaccharides extracted from plants, algae, animals, fungi, or obtained via fermentation [37][38][39]; these complex carbohydrates are useful in many biotechnological applications, for example as dietary fiber, texture modifiers, gelling agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, coating agents, and packaging films [40][41][42]. They are considered unique raw materials due to their inexpensiveness and great availability, for example plant cellulose and chitosan [37,38].…”

“…It is found in plant cell walls and in some marine organisms, bacteria, algae, fungi, and invertebrates. This carbohydrate and its derivatives have several attributes that makes them interesting as materials for wound dressing, such as bio-degradability, biocompatibility, high moisture content, high surface area, flexibility, and mechanical stability [38,79]. In addition, cellulose has several hydroxyl groups available to form hydrogen bonds that allow the chains to form ordered structures and binding of different materials to the polymeric matrix [38].…”