Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters: a review

Abstract

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol (2017) 16:455-489 457 a ss single stranded, ds double stranded, E enveloped, NE nonenveloped b Known to be a frequent contaminant of blood products c HCV Hepatitis C virus, HSV herpes simplex virus, CMV cytomegalovirus Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol (2017) 16:455-489 461

Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

“…cellulose, is continuously scoring points in all domains of research particularly on the development of multifunctional materials [1][2][3]. In fact, the versatility of cellulose is even fostered when its nanoscale forms are considered, namely cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), whose interest for the design of innovative and all-purpose nanomaterials has skyrocketed during the last couple of years, including in the nanocomposites domain [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance

“…As a general conclusion to this review and the two preceding ones [10,11], materials based on natural PS, either crude or chemically modified, are essential, widely implemented tools for human struggle against viruses. It appears from these surveys that three widespread PS, namely agarose, cellulose and chitosan, are prevalently used in the manufacturing of materials with antiviral applications sensu lato.…”

“…Allied with chemical inactivation, nanofiltration (NF) is the main process step dedicated to viral removal by most manufacturers. The performance of CEL-based virus-retentive filters (typically Planova™ filters from Asahi Kasei Medical, Tokyo, Japan) in the downstream purification processes of biopharmaceuticals has been detailed in a recent review [10]. For instance, the purification process for Nuwiq®, a recombinant coagulation factor VIII (a blood-clotting protein whose deficiency is associated with hemophilia A) patented by Octapharma AG (Lachen, Switzerland) [195], includes solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment, Planova NF, and five chromatography steps using PS-based stationary phases, i.e., MMC (Capto MMC), CEC (SP Seph FF), AFC (VIIISelect, a Capto matrix with factor VIIIselective ligand), AEC (Q Seph FF) and SEC (Superdex 200).…”

“…In the same way, cellulose, the most widespread PS in the vegetable kingdom, is used in chromatography resins but also in MAs with antiviral applications. Furthermore, CEL-based materials are widely present in viral filters currently used for virus filtration from biopharmaceutical and environmental water samples and in individual protection equipment against airborne viral pathogens [10]. Chitosan is obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is extracted from the shells of marine crustaceans and is the most widespread PS in the animal kingdom -the second most abundant natural polymer after CEL [291].…”

“…Polysaccharide (PS)-based materials offer significant potential in the fight against viruses considering several of the above-mentioned aspects. Virus filters made from cellulose (CEL) and its derivatives have been implemented over the past twenty years for the capture of viral pathogens from environmental water and blood product samples [10]. PS micro/nanoparticles, more particularly chitosan and derivatives, have been extensively tested in viral vaccine formulations, allying immunological adjuvant and antigen carrier properties [11].…”