Cellular Signaling Pathways Activated by Functional Graphene Nanomaterials

Piperno, Anna; Scala, Angela; Mazzaglia, Antonino; Neri, G.; Pennisi, Rosamaria; Sciortino, Maria Teresa; Grassi, Giovanni

doi:10.3390/ijms19113365

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In previous studies, some researchers revealed that some graphene derivatives could reduce MMP of the macrophage cell line in a time-and concentrationdependent manner [53,54]. It seems that two important mechanisms are involved in causing damage to mitochondria: (a) direct and physical interactions between nGOs and mitochondrial and/or lysosomal membranes and consequently structural degradation [41] and (b) creating oxidative stress for mitochondrial infrastructures resulting in functional impairment [55,56]. Gurunathan et al [48] and Yuan and Gurunathan [49] revealed that MMP levels reduced after exposure to nGO derivatives.…”

Section: Journal Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Can Reduce Their Cytotoxicity to Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Gholami

Emadi

Amini

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Background. The dental pulp is a heterogeneous soft tissue that supplies nutrients and acts as a biosensor to identify pathogenic stimuli. Regeneration of the dental pulp is one of the desirable topics for researchers. Graphene oxide nanosheets (nGOs) help overexpression of the genes related to odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from dental pulps and increases attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells. Despite its benefits, nGO may be considered as a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility potential of graphene oxide (nGO), chitosan functionalized graphene oxide (nGO-CS), and carboxylated graphene (nGO-COOH) when exposed to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Material and Methods. Some different aspects of biocompatibility of nGO, nGO-CS, and nGO-COOH were synthesized, and several intracellular effects induced by different concentrations of graphene-based nanosheets, including cell viability, intracellular oxidative damages, and various factors such as LDH, GSH, SOD, MDA, and MMP, were studied on hDPSCs. Results. According to results, IC50 was determined as 232.01, 467.81, and ≥1000 μg/mL for nGO, nGO-CS, and nGO-COOH, respectively. These results demonstrated the lower toxicity and higher cytocompatibility of nGO-CS and nGO-COOH compared to nGO. nGO-COOH not only has any adverse effect on the cell membrane and mitochondrial activity but also shows slight antioxidant activity at some concentrations. Conclusion. The findings help design safe and cytocompatible nGO derivatives for biomedical applications in dental fields.

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Section: Journal Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Can Reduce Their Cytotoxicity to Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Gholami

Emadi

Amini

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…Generally, literature data demonstrated superior therapeutic performance in cancer chemotherapy experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, due to the improved tissue penetration and cellular uptake of G-based nanocarriers [7,8]. However, the road of G in nanomedicine seems still very long and winding because the current knowledge about the G/cell interactions and the safety issues are not yet sufficiently clarified [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Fate and Impact on Gene Expression of Doxorubicin/Cyclodextrin-Graphene Nanomaterials at Sub-Toxic Concentration

Caccamo¹,

Currò²,

Ientile³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The graphene road in nanomedicine still seems very long and winding because the current knowledge about graphene/cell interactions and the safety issues are not yet sufficiently clarified. Specifically, the impact of graphene exposure on gene expression is a largely unexplored concern. Herein, we investigated the intracellular fate of graphene (G) decorated with cyclodextrins (CD) and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and the modulation of genes involved in cancer-associated canonical pathways. Intracellular fate of GCD@DOX, tracked by FLIM, Raman mapping and fluorescence microscopy, evidenced the efficient cellular uptake of GCD@DOX and the presence of DOX in the nucleus, without graphene carrier. The NanoString nCounter™ platform provided evidence for 34 (out of 700) differentially expressed cancer-related genes in HEp-2 cells treated with GCD@DOX (25 µg/mL) compared with untreated cells. Cells treated with GCD alone (25 µg/mL) showed modification for 16 genes. Overall, 14 common genes were differentially expressed in both GCD and GCD@DOX treated cells and 4 of these genes with an opposite trend. The modification of cancer related genes also at sub-cytotoxic G concentration should be taken in consideration for the rational design of safe and effective G-based drug/gene delivery systems. The reliable advantages provided by NanoString® technology, such as sensibility and the direct RNA measurements, could be the cornerstone in this field.

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“…In line with our previous Altogether, the combination of drug carrier ability of MWCNTs with the theranostic properties of porphyrins could allow the development of MWCNTs/TPPS J-aggregates nanohybrids for applications in biomedical field. Unlike from the others families of hybrid carbon nanomaterials [9], the potential applications in biological/pharmaceutical field of carbon based nanomaterials-porphyrins appear still scarcely investigated, especially for J-aggregates self-assemblies as well as their intracellular trafficking, therapeutic and imaging properties. In the literature, it was observed that hybrids nanomaterials based on porphyrinoids [24,63] were prepared at pH different from physiological conditions, and then treated with cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Nanohybrids Based on Supramolecular Assemblies of Meso-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin J-aggregates and Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2020

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The ability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) covalently functionalized with polyamine chains of different length (ethylenediamine, EDA and tetraethylenepentamine, EPA) to induce the J-aggregation of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) was investigated in different experimental conditions. Under mild acidic conditions, protonated amino groups allow for the assembly by electrostatic interaction with the diacid form of TPPS, leading to hybrid nanomaterials. The presence of only one pendant amino group for a chain in EDA does not lead to any aggregation, whereas EPA (with four amine groups for chain) is effective in inducing J-aggregation using different mixing protocols. These nanohybrids have been characterized through UV/Vis extinction, fluorescence emission, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Their morphology and chemical composition have been elucidated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). TEM and STEM analysis evidence single or bundles of MWCNTs in contact with TPPS J-aggregates nanotubes. The nanohybrids are quite stable for days, even in aqueous solutions mimicking physiological medium (NaCl 0.15 M). This property, together with their peculiar optical features in the therapeutic window of visible spectrum, make them potentially useful for biomedical applications.

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Cellular Signaling Pathways Activated by Functional Graphene Nanomaterials

Cited by 28 publications

References 78 publications

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Can Reduce Their Cytotoxicity to Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Can Reduce Their Cytotoxicity to Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Intracellular Fate and Impact on Gene Expression of Doxorubicin/Cyclodextrin-Graphene Nanomaterials at Sub-Toxic Concentration

Novel Nanohybrids Based on Supramolecular Assemblies of Meso-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin J-aggregates and Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

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