CELLULAR INJURY IN VITRO: PHASE CONTRAST STUDIES ON INJURED CYTOPLASM

Abstract

Unfixed, comprcsscd acinar cclls of rat pancrcas, isolatcd by mcchanical and cnzymatic means, wcrc cxamincd by phasc microscopy and photomicrographcd using 35 mm film and electronic flash illumination. Similarly, obscrvations wcrc madc on Walkcr carcinoma cclls; in addition, thcsc cells wcrc trcatcd with solutions containing cithcr phosphatidasc A or cnzymc inhibitors. Acinar cells contained, bcsidcs nuclei, pcrinuclcar droplets and sccrction granulcs, various membranous and vacuolar structurcs. The basal cytoplasm showed parallel dark lines intcrprctcd as cndoplasmic rcticulum. In somc cells, fragmentation of thc rcticulum was followed by thc direct incorporation of fragmcnts into simple myclin figures. In othcr cells it appcarcd that phasc-luccnt linear structures and vacuoles wcrc derived by dilatation of cistcrnae of thc cndoplasmic rcticulum. Pcrlnuclcar fluid collections arose cithcr by dilation of the pcrinuclcar cistcrnac of the cndoplasmic rcticulum or by fluid dilatation of thc nuclear cnvclopc. Phosphatidasc A disrupted early vacuolcs of Walker carcinoma cclls. From this and thc direct involvcmcnt of elcmcnts of the cndoplasmic rcticulum in myclin figurcs, it was concludcd that the membranes limiting thc cndoplasmic rcticulum incorporate phosphatidcs in continuous layers. Whilc many scvcrcly injured cells formcd large vacuolcs, others developed concentrically laminatcd myclin figures; it was concludcd that both types of structure dcrivcd from phosphatidcs libcratcd intraccllularly, the vacuolcs by vesicular myelin figure formation.

Isolated Epithelial Cells of the Toad Bladder

“…Vacuoles had been noted previously in cells separated with EDTA (6). This phenomenon is generally acknowledged as an indicator of cell damage (2). Although each of the preparations that exhibited vacuoles was found to be functionally abnormal, there were two patterns of deficit (see Discussion).…”

A Fine Structure Study of Injury to the Endothelial Cells of the Rabbit Abdominal Aorta by Various Stimuli

“…Manuelidis (30) has reviewed the literature, which demonstrates vacuole formation to be the result of mitochondrial swelling. Buckley (7), studying cell injury in vitro with the phase contrast microscope, attributes the genesis of cytoplasmic vacuoles to swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum occurring immediately after irritation of the cells. Trump and Janigan (54) consider cytologic vacuoles formed in sucrose nephrosis to be derived from lysosomes.…”

Cytoplasmic Budding of Human Lymphocytes Due to Ionizing Radiation

“…In the case of budding due to ionizing radiation (this investigation), although it was noticed in large and small lymphocytes (the medium lymphocytes not being described as such), and in monocytes, by far the greater incidence was in the small lymphocytes, the incidence in these cells being more than four times as great as in the large. Buckley (1960Buckley ( , 1961Buckley ( , 1962 considered the budding to be due to phosphatides liberated by damage to the cell and subsequent imbibition of fluid. Cotton (1949) considered the swellings to be due to damage to cell wall with localized differential permeability and subsequent imbibition.…”