Cell wall modifications during fruit ripening: when a fruit is not the fruit

Goulão, Luís F.; Oliveira, Cristina M.

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2007.07.002

Cited by 400 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 285 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

246

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…O que está relacionado à menor atividade da ACC oxidase e produção de etileno nos frutos armazenados nesta temperatura (Tabela 3 e 4). O etileno atua como ativador de enzimas que degradam componentes da parede celular (GIOVANNONI, 2001;GOULAO;OLIVEIRA, 2008;PAYASI et al, 2009). Saquet, Brackmann e Storck(1997) também encontraram maior firmeza em frutos de maçã 'Gala' submetidos a 1 °C comparado a 0 °C.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atmosfera controlada para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala'

Weber¹,

Brackmann²,

Anese³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade da maçã 'Maxi Gala' submetida a diferentes combinações de níveis de O 2 e CO 2 , temperaturas e perda de massa durante o armazenamento. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições de 25 frutos. Os tratamentos originaram-se da combinação de diferentes condições de atmosfera controlada (AC) em duas temperaturas (0,5 °C e 1 °C), que foram: (1) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 + 3,5% de perda de massa (PM); (2) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 ; (3) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; (4) 1,0 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; (5) 0,8 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; e (6) 0,8 kPa O 2 + 1,5 kPa CO 2 . As melhores condições para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala' foram as pressões parciais 0,8 a 1,0 kPa O 2 associada com 2,0 kPa CO 2 ou 0,8 kPa O 2 com 1,5 kPa CO 2 na temperatura de 1 °C. Nessas condições ocorre maior manutenção da firmeza da polpa, redução na ocorrência de degenerescência senescente e a polpa farinácea. A perda de massa de 3,5% em AC com 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 na temperatura de 1 °C também é eficiente na manutenção da qualidade desta maçã. Palavras-chave:Frutas. Pós-colheita. Perda de massa. Distúrbios fisiológicos.ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to assess the quality of the 'Maxi Gala' apple under different mixtures of O 2 and CO 2 , temperature and mass loss during storage. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomised design in a system of split-plots, with four replications of 25 fruits. The treatments, derived from the combination of various conditions of controlled atmosphere (CA) at two temperatures (0.5 °C and 1 °C), were: (1) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.5 kPa CO 2 + 3.5% mass loss (ML); (2) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.5 kPa CO 2 ; (3) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; (4) 1.0 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; (5) 0.8 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; and (6) 0.8 kPa O 2 + 1.5 kPa CO 2 . The best conditions for the storage of the 'Maxi Gala' apple were those with partial pressures of 0.8 to 1.0 kPa O 2 associated with 2.0 kPa CO 2 or 0.8 kPa O 2 with 1.5 kPa CO 2 at a temperature of 1°C. Under these conditions flesh firmness is maintained for longer, with a greater reduction in flesh breakdown and mealiness. A weight loss of 3.5% in CA with 1.2 kPa O 2 to 2.5 kPa CO 2 at a temperature of 1°C is also effective in maintaining the quality of this apple.

show abstract

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atmosfera controlada para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala'

Weber¹,

Brackmann²,

Anese³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A pectin methylesterase (PME2.5) was approximately 100-fold more highly expressed in IL 2-3 in comparison with M82 during most stages of fruit development and ripening. Previous studies have indicated the importance of PME during ripening in tomato and other fruits due to its function as a cell wall-modifying enzyme (Harriman et al, 1991;Hall et al, 1993;Goulao and Oliveira, 2008). PME acts to modify the structure of the cell wall by the deesterification of GalUA residues in high-M r pectin (Harriman et al, 1991;Hall et al, 1993;Phan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mapping of a Fruit Firmness-Related Quantitative Trait Locus in Tomato Reveals Epistatic Interactions Associated with a Complex Combinatorial Locus

Chapman

Bonnet²,

Grivet³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fruit firmness in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is determined by a number of factors including cell wall structure, turgor, and cuticle properties. Firmness is a complex polygenic trait involving the coregulation of many genes and has proved especially challenging to unravel. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fruit firmness was mapped to tomato chromosome 2 using the Zamir Solanum pennellii interspecific introgression lines (ILs) and fine-mapped in a population consisting of 7,500 F2 and F3 lines from IL 2-3 and IL 2-4. This firmness QTL contained five distinct subpeaks, Fir s.p. QTL2.1 to Fir s.p. QTL2.5, and an effect on a distal region of IL 2-4 that was nonoverlapping with IL 2-3. All these effects were located within an 8.6-Mb region. Using genetic markers, each subpeak within this combinatorial locus was mapped to a physical location within the genome, and an ethylene response factor (ERF) underlying Fir s.p. QTL2.2 and a region containing three pectin methylesterase (PME) genes underlying Fir s.p. QTL2.5 were nominated as QTL candidate genes. Statistical models used to explain the observed variability between lines indicated that these candidates and the nonoverlapping portion of IL 2-4 were sufficient to account for the majority of the fruit firmness effects. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of each candidate gene. ERF showed increased expression associated with soft fruit texture in the mapping population. In contrast, PME expression was tightly linked with firm fruit texture. Analysis of a range of recombinant lines revealed evidence for an epistatic interaction that was associated with this combinatorial locus.

show abstract

“…Fruit from the control treatment group showed the highest incidence of mealiness ( Figure 2E), which is related to higher ethylene production and IEC, since they have a high Pearson correlation ( Table 2). The effect of the ethylene on mealiness is related to cell wall enzyme activation (Prasanna et al, 2007;Goulao and Oliveira, 2008;Payasi et al, 2009). On the other hand, the combined application of AVG + NAA, AVG + 1-MCP and AVG + ABS suppressed (p < 0.05) the incidence of mealiness in relation to AVG application in isolation ( Figure 2E).…”

Section: Quality Analysis After 8 Months Of Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit softening is a complex process that involves three steps: the loss of cell wall mediated by expansins, depolymerization of hemicelluloses and polyuronide section by polygalacturonase or other hydrolytic enzymes (Brummell et al, 1999). Thus, fruit subjected to these treatments have less cell wall enzyme activity and ethylene is necessary to initialize this enzyme activity (Nishiyama et al, 2007;Prasanna et al, 2007;Goulao and Oliveira, 2008;Payasi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Quality Analysis After 8 Months Of Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth regulators are used in the production of apples worldwide, especially to extend the harvest period and maintain postharvest quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in isolation as well as in combination with other growth regulators and postharvest techniques on the harvest quality and storage potential of 'Brookfield' apples (Malus domestica), a 'Gala' strain. Fruit receiving AVG only had the highest starch content and the highest titratable acidity at harvest. After 8 months of storage, the AVG + 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) and AVG + ABS (ethylene absorption) conserved higher flesh firmness than to all the other treatments. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) application induced ACC oxidase enzyme activity at harvest, but not after storage. AVG application, with or without the aid of another technique, did not decrease the red skin color of 'Brookfield' apples. Low mealiness and a high healthy fruit percentage was obtained when the fruits were submitted to pre-harvest AVG application combined with NAA, 1-MCP and ABS. Internal carbon dioxide had an inverse correlation with the quantity of healthy fruit and was directly correlated with mealiness.Keywords: Malus domestica, postharvest quality, skin color, ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid IntroductionThe application of growth regulators is necessary either to advance or to delay the fruit harvest in the field, due to the short period that fruit remains naturally at the correct maturation stage. Besides the short harvest period, another problem is that the harvest is carried out manually and requires a lot of time and manual labor. Thus, growth regulators are frequently used in the orchards.The main growth regulator applied in the field is aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) which is used to delay the harvest in order to avoid pre-harvest fruit drop (McFadyen et al., 2012;Yildiz et al., 2012). AVG blinds the active site of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) synthase enzyme and inhibits ethylene production and maturation events initiated by this plant hormone (Yu and Yang, 1979;Huai et al., 2001). Despite the benefits promoted by AVG application, it decreases the red skin color of 'Gala' apples (Malus domestica) (Steffens et al., 2006). However, this reduction of red skin color has not yet been proven in 'Gala' mutants.Another growth regulator used extensively is ethephon, mainly to advance the fruit harvest. Its application allows for an early harvest of the fruit, and also increases the red color of fruit skin Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). However, ethephon application may decrease organoleptic quality and decrease the storage potential of fruit after harvest, especially in terms of declines in flesh firmness (Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). As well as the application of ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is also used during apple production. Its application reduces pre-harvest fruit drop in apples (Yuan and Carbaugh, 2007; Unrath et al., 2009), oranges (Zur and Goren, 1977) ...

show abstract

Cell wall modifications during fruit ripening: when a fruit is not the fruit

Cited by 400 publications

References 285 publications

Atmosfera controlada para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala'

Atmosfera controlada para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala'

High-Resolution Mapping of a Fruit Firmness-Related Quantitative Trait Locus in Tomato Reveals Epistatic Interactions Associated with a Complex Combinatorial Locus

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About