Cell-to-Cell Movement of Plant Viruses: A Diversity of Mechanisms and Strategies

Rojas, María R.; Maliano, Minor R.; Souza, J. O.; Vasquez-Mayorga, Marcela; Macedo, M. A.; Ham, Byung‐Kook; Gilbertson, R. L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32919-2_5

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…For long-distance movement, viruses are adapted to move cell to cell by targeting and modifying PDs between different cell types (cellular barriers) until loading into SEs, where they are passively transported with the source-to-sink flow ( 1 ). The movement strategies of many plant viruses are increasingly well documented: however, far less is known about viral transport mechanisms of viruses whose infections are phloem limited in their host plants, including those in the families Closteroviridae and Luteoviridae ( 2 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intercellular movement within mesophyll tissues has been well studied for viruses of different taxa, and different viruses utilize different strategies. Viruses such as como- and nepoviruses encode a movement protein (MP) that modifies PDs extensively into MP-lined tubules to facilitate viral intercellular movement in the form of virions ( 2 ). Tobamoviruses, represented by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), encode a single dedicated MP that increases the size exclusion limit of PDs and mediates cell-to-cell transport of a complex of viral RNA and MP-associated viral replication complexes (VRCs) ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Distinct, Non-Virion Plant Virus Movement Protein Encoded by a Crinivirus Essential for Systemic Infection

Qiao

Medina

Kuo

et al. 2018

mBio

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Plant viruses encode specific proteins that facilitate their ability to establish multicellular/systemic infections in their host plants. Relatively little is known of the transport mechanisms for plant viruses whose infections are phloem limited, including those of the family Closteroviridae. These viruses have complex, long filamentous virions that spread through the phloem. Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) encodes a non-virion protein, P26, which forms plasmalemma deposits over plasmodesmata pit fields, and LIYV virions are consistently found attached to those deposits. Here we demonstrate that P26 is a unique movement protein required for LIYV systemic infection in plants. LIYV P26 shows no sequence similarities to other proteins, but other criniviruses encode P26 orthologs. However, these failed to complement movement of LIYV P26 mutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distinct, Non-Virion Plant Virus Movement Protein Encoded by a Crinivirus Essential for Systemic Infection

Qiao

Medina

Kuo

et al. 2018

mBio

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“…Virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs) are required for viral cell-to-cell movement through PD. These can interact with other viral or host factors to target and modify PD by two main characterized mechanisms: ‘tubule-guided’ movement, which involves the extensive modification of PD into MP-lined tubules that mostly results in disappearance of DT and overall dilated PD pores [e.g., GFLV, Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV2) ( Xie et al, 2016 )]; ‘non-tubule-guided’ movement, in which viruses move through PD as virions or vRNPs by regulating the PD SEL and likely relying on the cellular machinery that transports macromolecules without inducing major PD structural changes (e.g., TMV, PVX, TuMV, BYV) ( Heinlein, 2015b ; Kumar et al, 2015 ; Rojas et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Virus-induced Plasmodesmata Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tubule-guided movement was found to be common among positive-strand RNA viruses including como-, nepo-, olea-, and trichoviruses, as well as some ambisense ssRNA (e.g., tospoviruses) and dsDNA (e.g., caulimoviruses) viruses ( Rojas et al, 2016 ). GFLV is a member of the genus Nepovirus , family Secoviridae , GFLV MPs are able to assemble a tubular transport structure inside modified PD that allows the intercellular transport of virus particles.…”

Section: Virus-induced Plasmodesmata Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, potyviruses and closteroviruses move through PD possibly in the form of virions (perhaps modified in some way) and have no dedicated MP(s) but use several viral proteins that have additional roles in virus multiplication ( Heinlein, 2015b ; Rojas et al, 2016 ). The cylindrical inclusion protein (CI), CP, helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro), viral genome-linked protein (VPg) and P3N-PIPO have been indicated involved in cell-to-cell movement of potyviruses.…”

Section: Virus-induced Plasmodesmata Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inspirations on Virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement from Studies Examining the Cytopathology Induced by Lettuce infectious yellows virus in Plant Cells

2017

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Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) is the type member of the genus Crinivirus in the family Closteroviridae. Like many other positive-strand RNA viruses, LIYV infections induce a number of cytopathic changes in plant cells, of which the two most characteristic are: Beet yellows virus-type inclusion bodies composed of vesicles derived from cytoplasmic membranes; and conical plasmalemma deposits (PLDs) located at the plasmalemma over plasmodesmata pit fields. The former are not only found in various closterovirus infections, but similar structures are known as ‘viral factories’ or viroplasms in cells infected with diverse types of animal and plant viruses. These are generally sites of virus replication, virion assembly and in some cases are involved in cell-to-cell transport. By contrast, PLDs induced by the LIYV-encoded P26 non-virion protein are not involved in replication but are speculated to have roles in virus intercellular movement. These deposits often harbor LIYV virions arranged to be perpendicular to the plasma membrane over plasmodesmata, and our recent studies show that P26 is required for LIYV systemic plant infection. The functional mechanism of how LIYV P26 facilitates intercellular movement remains unclear, however, research on other plant viruses provides some insights on the possible ways of viral intercellular movement through targeting and modifying plasmodesmata via interactions between plant cellular components and viral-encoded factors. In summary, beginning with LIYV, we review the studies that have uncovered the biological determinants giving rise to these cytopathological effects and their importance in viral replication, virion assembly and intercellular movement during the plant infection by closteroviruses, and compare these findings with those for other positive-strand RNA viruses.

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Pararetroviruses: Plant Infecting dsDNA Viruses

Nasim

Dey

2021

Plant Mol Biol Rep

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Cell-to-Cell Movement of Plant Viruses: A Diversity of Mechanisms and Strategies

Cited by 10 publications

References 147 publications

A Distinct, Non-Virion Plant Virus Movement Protein Encoded by a Crinivirus Essential for Systemic Infection

A Distinct, Non-Virion Plant Virus Movement Protein Encoded by a Crinivirus Essential for Systemic Infection

Inspirations on Virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement from Studies Examining the Cytopathology Induced by Lettuce infectious yellows virus in Plant Cells

Pararetroviruses: Plant Infecting dsDNA Viruses

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