Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles As an Emerging Antibacterial Vaccine Platform

Abstract

Nanoparticles have demonstrated unique advantages in enhancing immunotherapy potency and have drawn increasing interest in developing safe and effective vaccine formulations. Recent technological advancement has led to the discovery and development of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, which combine the rich functionalities of cellular membranes and the engineering flexibility of synthetic nanomaterials. This new class of biomimetic nanoparticles has inspired novel vaccine design strategies with strong potential for modulating antibacterial immunity. This article will review recent progress on using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for antibacterial vaccination. Specifically, two major development strategies will be discussed, namely (i) vaccination against virulence factors through bacterial toxin sequestration; and (ii) vaccination against pathogens through mimicking bacterial antigen presentation.

Tailoring Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Trends and Future Outlook

“…[184][185][186][187] One of these promising approaches involves the attachment of drug-loaded carriers to the membrane of immune cells. [188,189] For instance, cytokines (e.g., IL-2 or IL-15) are often used to enhance the survival and activity of the transplanted T cells, but systemic cytokines with a high dose can also induce side effects. Irvine and co-workers [185] conjugated cytokine-loaded liposomal nanocarriers onto the surface of transplanted T cells, enabling direct delivery of cytokines to the T cells (Figure 12).…”

Engineering Biomaterials to Direct Innate Immunity

“…Historically, vaccines to protect against these pathogens consist of bacterial components and immune agonists to stimulate antibody production; however, biomaterials offer unique features to control activation of innate immunity that stimulate adaptive cellular responses to aid clearance of infections. [40,41] DC activation was defined as the upregulation of costimulatory surface receptors CD40 and CD80, which are Signal 2 in the innate-adaptive signaling (as described in Section 2. This approach preserves the natural cellular surface, which contains a robust set of PAMPs.…”

“…These coated NPs drove a modest increase in the ability to activate DCs in comparison to outer membrane vesicles alone ( Figure 2B,C). [40,41] DC activation was defined as the upregulation of costimulatory surface receptors CD40 and CD80, which are Signal 2 in the innate-adaptive signaling (as described in Section 2. 1).…”

Biomimetic Nanoparticles Camouflaged in Cancer Cell Membranes and Their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

“…The use of cancer cell plasma membranes has attracted attention because these membranes carry tumor-specific receptors and antigens that play a role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. While several comprehensive reviews have summarized the applications of cell membrane camouflaged NPs (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46) from various cell sources, to the best of our knowledge only one of these reviews is focused on advances with CCMCNPs (37).…”